Abstract
To explore the feasibility of recycled paper mulching in spring-grown potato the changes of soil environments and the growth and yield of potato under non-mulched control and three mulching treatments of recycled paper (RPM), transparent polyethylene film (TPFM), and black polyethylene film (BPFM) were examined over two spring seasons in 1998 and 1999 at Suwon, Korea. The mulching materials were a recycled mulch paper with 110 g/ and a thickness of 0.1mm, which was manufactured from old corrugated containers for this experiment and the commercial polyethylene films with a thickness of 0.01mm. RPM lowered the average soil temperature at 5-cm depth during the potato growing period by 03 compared with the control, whereas TPFM and BPFM raised it by 2., and 1.8, respectively. On a sunny day during sprout emergence, RPM reduced the maximum soil temperature by about 5, while TPFM and BPFM enhanced it by about 11 and 6., respectively. The temperature difference between the control and the mulching treatments decreased with the development of canopy. All the mulching treatments had an advantage in preserving the soil moisture over the control. RPM and BPFM resulted in the effective control of weed by obstructing light transmission onto soil surface, but TPFM had no control effect of weed. Sprout emergence started two to three days earlier in TPFM and BPFM, but one day later in RPM than in the control due to the altered soil temperature by the mulching treatments. However, the final percentage of emergence was notably lower in TPFM than that in the control because of too high soil temperature during daytime, but was not different among the control, RPM, and BPFM. During the early stage of potato growth, the shoot and root growth under RPM was lower compared with the control, but afterwards, RPM outpaced the control. In 1998 experiment, the tuber yield under RPM and BPFM were significantly higher than those of the control and TPFM. In 1999 experiment, there was no significant difference in tuber yield between RPM and the control.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Recycled paper mulch lowered average soil temperature versus control.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- RPMe0
- Outcome
- average soil temperaturee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 03e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RPM lowered the average soil temperature at 5-cm depth during the potato growing period by 03 compared with the control”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Transparent film raised average soil temperature by 2. versus control.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TPFM and BPFM raised it by 2., and 1.8, respectively”
e1“average soil temperature at 5-cm depth”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Black film raised average soil temperature by 1.8 versus control.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TPFM and BPFM raised it by 2., and 1.8, respectively”
e1“average soil temperature at 5-cm depth”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
RPM reduced sunny-day maximum soil temperature by about 5.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RPMe0
- Outcome
- maximum soil temperaturee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- about 5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RPM reduced the maximum soil temperature by about 5”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
TPFM increased sunny-day maximum soil temperature by about 11.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- TPFMe0
- Outcome
- maximum soil temperaturee1
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- about 11e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TPFM and BPFM enhanced it by about 11 and 6., respectively”
e1“maximum soil temperature”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
BPFM increased sunny-day maximum soil temperature by about 6.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- BPFMe0
- Outcome
- maximum soil temperaturee1
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 6.e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TPFM and BPFM enhanced it by about 11 and 6., respectively”
e1“maximum soil temperature”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
The temperature gap between control and mulch narrowed as canopy developed.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- canopye0
- Outcome
- temperature differencee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The temperature difference between the control and the mulching treatments decreased with the development of canopy”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
All mulch treatments preserved soil moisture better than control.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- mulching treatmentse0
- Outcome
- soil moisturee0
- Direction
- advantagee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the mulching treatments had an advantage in preserving the soil moisture over the control”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
RPM controlled weeds effectively.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RPMe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- control of weede0
- Direction
- effective controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RPM and BPFM resulted in the effective control of weed”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
BPFM controlled weeds effectively.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- BPFMe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- control of weede0
- Direction
- effective controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RPM and BPFM resulted in the effective control of weed”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
TPFM did not control weeds.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- TPFMe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- control effect of weede0
- Direction
- no control effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TPFM had no control effect of weed”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
TPFM and BPFM advanced sprout emergence by two to three days.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- TPFM and BPFMe0
- Outcome
- Sprout emergencee0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- two to three dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprout emergence started two to three days earlier in TPFM and BPFM”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
RPM delayed sprout emergence by one day.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RPMe0
- Outcome
- Sprout emergencee1
- Direction
- latere0
- Value
- one daye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one day later in RPM than in the control”
e1“Sprout emergence started”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
TPFM lowered final emergence percentage relative to control.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- TPFMe0
- Outcome
- final percentage of emergencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“final percentage of emergence was notably lower in TPFM than that in the control”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Final emergence did not differ across control, RPM and BPFM.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- emergencee1
- Direction
- not differente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“not different among the control, RPM, and BPFM”
e1“final percentage of emergence”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Early shoot and root growth was lower under RPM than control.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- RPMe0
- Outcome
- shoot and root growthe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the early stage of potato growth, the shoot and root growth under RPM was lower compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Later growth under RPM outpaced control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“afterwards, RPM outpaced the control”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1998 RPM increased tuber yield versus control and TPFM.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RPMe0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control and TPFMe0
- Setting
- 1998e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1998 experiment, the tuber yield under RPM and BPFM were significantly higher than those of the control and TPFM”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1998 BPFM increased tuber yield versus control and TPFM.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- BPFMe0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control and TPFMe0
- Setting
- 1998e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1998 experiment, the tuber yield under RPM and BPFM were significantly higher than those of the control and TPFM”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1999 RPM and control tuber yield did not differ significantly.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RPMe0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- 1999e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1999 experiment, there was no significant difference in tuber yield between RPM and the control”
t0“Potato”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.