Abstract
Aims: Iron deficiency symptoms (leaf chlorosis and depressed growth) are common in grapevine growing on calcareous soils. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between these symptoms and the properties of Spanish vineyard soils. Methods and results: Soils from thirty vineyards with leaf chlorosis were used to pot '110 Richter' rootstock for three seasons. Mean leaf chlorophyll concentration, as measured via SPAD, was positively correlated with the soil content in poorly crystalline Fe oxides, as estimated by extraction with various reagents, and negatively correlated with the contents in calcium carbonate equivalent and active lime. Iron deficiency affected plant growth but none of the measured growth variables was correlated with soil properties. The relationships between SPAD and acid ammonium oxalate-, citrate/ascorbateand unbuffered hydroxylamine-extractable Fe conformed to the linear-plateau model, from which clear-cut critical levels (345, 425 and 8 mg kg-1, respectively) could be established. This was not possible with tests based on the alkalinity properties (e.g. the calcite ion activity product), the IPC (« Indice du pouvoir chlorosant »), and the DTPA-extractable Fe test, which generally exhibited a poor predictive value. Conclusion: Tests based on reagents capable of extracting, in part or quantitatively, the most reactive forms of soil Fe were useful to estimate the risk of Fe chlorosis in grapevine. Acid ammonium oxalate, citrate/ascorbate and unbuffered hydroxylamine were the best extractants for this purpose. Significance and impact of study: This study has shown the limited usefulness of tests based on the contents and reactivity of the soil carbonate to predict the occurrence of Fe chlorosis in grapevine; tests capable of estimating the contents of the labile soil Fe forms constitute the best alternative.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf chlorophyll concentration measured by SPAD was positively correlated with soil poorly crystalline Fe oxides.
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Compound
- poorly crystalline Fe oxidese1
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll concentratione1
- Direction
- positively correlatede1
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“iron chlorosis in grapevine”
e1“Mean leaf chlorophyll concentration, as measured via SPAD, was positively correlated with the soil content in poorly crystalline Fe oxides”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf chlorophyll concentration was negatively correlated with soil calcium carbonate equivalent and active lime.
- Compound
- calcium carbonate equivalent and active limee2
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll concentratione1
- Direction
- negatively correlatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“iron chlorosis in grapevine”
e1“Mean leaf chlorophyll concentration, as measured via SPAD, was positively correlated with the soil content in poorly crystalline Fe oxides”
e2“negatively correlated with the contents in calcium carbonate equivalent and active lime”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency affected grapevine growth.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“iron chlorosis in grapevine”
e1“Iron deficiency affected plant growth but none of the measured growth variables was correlated with soil properties”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the measured grapevine growth variables was correlated with soil properties.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“iron chlorosis in grapevine”
e1“Iron deficiency affected plant growth but none of the measured growth variables was correlated with soil properties”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical level of acid ammonium oxalate-extractable Fe for SPAD-based chlorosis was 345 mg kg-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“iron chlorosis in grapevine”
e1“The relationships between SPAD and acid ammonium oxalate-, citrate/ascorbateand unbuffered hydroxylamine-extractable Fe conformed to the linear-plateau model, from which clear-cut critical levels (345, 425 and 8 mg kg-1, respectively) could be established”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical level of citrate/ascorbate-extractable Fe for SPAD-based chlorosis was 425 mg kg-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“iron chlorosis in grapevine”
e1“The relationships between SPAD and acid ammonium oxalate-, citrate/ascorbateand unbuffered hydroxylamine-extractable Fe conformed to the linear-plateau model, from which clear-cut critical levels (345, 425 and 8 mg kg-1, respectively) could be established”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical level of unbuffered hydroxylamine-extractable Fe for SPAD-based chlorosis was 8 mg kg-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“iron chlorosis in grapevine”
e1“The relationships between SPAD and acid ammonium oxalate-, citrate/ascorbateand unbuffered hydroxylamine-extractable Fe conformed to the linear-plateau model, from which clear-cut critical levels (345, 425 and 8 mg kg-1, respectively) could be established”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity-based tests, the IPC and the DTPA-extractable Fe test generally had poor predictive value for chlorosis.
- Outcome
- predictive valuee2
- Direction
- poore2
- Qualifier
- DTPA-extractable Fe teste2
- Comparator
- tests based on the alkalinity propertiese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“iron chlorosis in grapevine”
e1“This was not possible with tests based on the alkalinity properties”
e2“and the DTPA-extractable Fe test, which generally exhibited a poor predictive value”
Claim · model-written summary
Tests based on reagents extracting the most reactive forms of soil Fe were useful to estimate the risk of Fe chlorosis in grapevine.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“iron chlorosis in grapevine”
e1“Tests based on reagents capable of extracting, in part or quantitatively, the most reactive forms of soil Fe were useful to estimate the risk of Fe chlorosis in grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid ammonium oxalate, citrate/ascorbate and unbuffered hydroxylamine were the best extractants for estimating chlorosis risk.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“iron chlorosis in grapevine”
e1“Acid ammonium oxalate, citrate/ascorbate and unbuffered hydroxylamine were the best extractants for this purpose”
e2“and the DTPA-extractable Fe test, which generally exhibited a poor predictive value”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · growth · VitisPositive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- no effect
- negative
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.