Abstract
Mature grapevine berries at the harvesting stage (MB) are very susceptible to the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea, while veraison berries (VB) are not. We conducted simultaneous microscopic and transcriptomic analyses of the pathogen and the host to investigate the infection process developed by B. cinerea on MB versus VB, and the plant defense mechanisms deployed to stop the fungus spreading. On the pathogen side, our genome-wide transcriptomic data revealed that B. cinerea genes upregulated during infection of MB are enriched in functional categories related to necrotrophy, such as degradation of the plant cell wall, proteolysis, membrane transport, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and detoxification. Quantitative-polymerase chain reaction on a set of representative genes related to virulence and microscopic observations further demonstrated that the infection is also initiated on VB but is stopped at the penetration stage. On the plant side, genome-wide transcriptomic analysis and metabolic data revealed a defense pathway switch during berry ripening. In response to B. cinerea inoculation, VB activated a burst of ROS, the salicylate-dependent defense pathway, the synthesis of the resveratrol phytoalexin, and cell-wall strengthening. On the contrary, in infected MB, the jasmonate-dependent pathway was activated, which did not stop the fungal necrotrophic process.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Botrytis infection began on veraison berries but stopped at penetration.
- Organ / stage
- VBe0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereat0pathogen - Outcome
- infectione0
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the infection is also initiated on VB but is stopped at the penetration stage”
t0“Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea) and Grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”
Claim · model-written summary
Botrytis genes upregulated during mature-berry infection were enriched for necrotrophy functions.
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- genes upregulated during infection of MBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. cinerea genes upregulated during infection of MB are enriched in functional categories related to necrotrophy, such as degradation of the plant cell wall, proteolysis, membrane transport, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and detoxification”
t0“Grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”
Claim · model-written summary
Veraison berries activated ROS production, salicylate defense, resveratrol synthesis and cell-wall strengthening after inoculation.
- Organ / stage
- VBe0
- Treatment
- B. cinerea inoculatione0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- a burst of ROS, the salicylate-dependent defense pathway, the synthesis of the resveratrol phytoalexin, and cell-wall strengtheninge0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In response to B. cinerea inoculation, VB activated a burst of ROS, the salicylate-dependent defense pathway, the synthesis of the resveratrol phytoalexin, and cell-wall strengthening”
t0“Grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”
Claim · model-written summary
In infected mature berries the jasmonate pathway activated but did not stop fungal necrotrophy.
- Organ / stage
- MBe0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- jasmonate-dependent pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in infected MB, the jasmonate-dependent pathway was activated, which did not stop the fungal necrotrophic process”
t0“Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea) and Grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”
The same questions in other papers
Botrytis cinerea · physiology: oxidative · VitisPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
inoculation · physiology: oxidative · VitisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.