Abstract
Abstract The nitrogen (N) fertilizer effect of layer hen and broiler manure applied at different times on spring barley yield was studied in seven Swedish field experiments during 2005–2008. Two experiments had parallel field incubations to study N release after fertilizer application. The effect of total N in manure on N offtake was 30–40% that of mineral N, except in a dry year, when the effect was very low. Although the relative proportions of ammonium N, uric acid N and other N differed between the hen and broiler manure, the effect of total N was similar for both. In field incubations, mineral N decreased from 75 to 60% of total N applied in hen manure, whereas it increased from 20 to 50% in broiler manure, because of net immobilization and release, respectively. The limited fertilizer nitrogen replacement value, corresponding to only 30–40% of total N, could be as a result of ammonia volatilization after rather shallow incorporation with harrow. Net N release from broiler manure lasted for 6–8 weeks after application, after which it generally ceased. In some cases, manure application in early spring gave better yield effects than application at sowing, probably because of better synchronization of the N release with crop N requirements. The residual N effect on the N offtake in crop in the year after manure application was on average 3% of the total N applied, equivalent to a fertilizer replacement value of about 6%.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of total N in manure on N offtake was 30–40% that of mineral N, and very low in a dry year.
- Taxon
- spring barley
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- total N in manuree1
- Outcome
- N offtakee1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 30–40%e1
- Qualifier
- except in a dry year, when the effect was very lowe1
- Comparator
- mineral Ne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“application to spring barley”
e1“The effect of total N in manure on N offtake was 30–40% that of mineral N, except in a dry year, when the effect was very low”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of total N was similar for hen and broiler manure.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- hen and broiler manuree2
- Outcome
- effect of total Ne2
- Direction
- similare2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“application to spring barley”
e2“Although the relative proportions of ammonium N, uric acid N and other N differed between the hen and broiler manure, the effect of total N was similar for both”
Claim · model-written summary
In field incubations, mineral N decreased from 75 to 60% of total N in hen manure.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- hen manuree3
- Outcome
- mineral Ne3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 75 to 60%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“application to spring barley”
e3“In field incubations, mineral N decreased from 75 to 60% of total N applied in hen manure, whereas it increased from 20 to 50% in broiler manure”
Claim · model-written summary
In field incubations, mineral N increased from 20 to 50% of total N in broiler manure.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- broiler manuree3
- Outcome
- mineral Ne3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 20 to 50%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“application to spring barley”
e3“In field incubations, mineral N decreased from 75 to 60% of total N applied in hen manure, whereas it increased from 20 to 50% in broiler manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Net N release from broiler manure lasted 6–8 weeks after application.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- broiler manuree4
- Outcome
- Net N releasee4
- Value
- 6–8 weekse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“application to spring barley”
e4“Net N release from broiler manure lasted for 6–8 weeks after application, after which it generally ceased”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure applied in early spring gave better yield effects than manure applied at sowing.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- manure application in early springe5
- Outcome
- yield effectse5
- Direction
- bettere5
- Comparator
- application at sowinge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“application to spring barley”
e5“In some cases, manure application in early spring gave better yield effects than application at sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
The residual N effect on N offtake in the year after manure application was on average 3% of total N applied.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- residual N effect on the N offtake in crope6
- Value
- 3%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“application to spring barley”
e6“The residual N effect on the N offtake in crop in the year after manure application was on average 3% of the total N applied, equivalent to a fertilizer replacement value of about 6%”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer replacement value of the residual N effect was about 6%.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- fertilizer replacement valuee6
- Value
- about 6%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“application to spring barley”
e6“The residual N effect on the N offtake in crop in the year after manure application was on average 3% of the total N applied, equivalent to a fertilizer replacement value of about 6%”
Claim · model-written summary
The limited fertilizer N replacement value may result from ammonia volatilization after shallow harrow incorporation (hypothesis).
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- The limited fertilizer nitrogen replacement valuee7
- Qualifier
- ammonia volatilization after rather shallow incorporation with harrowe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“application to spring barley”
e7“The limited fertilizer nitrogen replacement value, corresponding to only 30–40% of total N, could be as a result of ammonia volatilization after rather shallow incorporation with harrow”
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