Abstract
The current experiment was conducted at Palampur, India during 2009–11 in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)– pea (Pisum sativum L.) cropping system in RBD replicated thrice with 14 treatments comprising arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), applied–P (50, 75 and 100% recommended P dose) and irrigation regimes (40 and 80% available water holding capacity). At active growth period (50–100 DAS), AMF imbedded treatments exhibited 7 and 20% higher absolute growth rate (AGR) in okra and pea over non–AMF counterparts, while relative growth rate (RGR) both in okra and pea was not affected significantly by AMF application. Net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR) in okra were higher by 17 and 3%, respectively with AMF inoculation, though, effect on pea was inconspicuous. At both irrigation regimes, ‘AMF + 75% soil–test based P dose’ registered statistically similar okra fruit and pea pod yields as that obtained under ‘100% soil–test based P dose’, thus, indicating an economy of about 25% soil–test based P dose. AMF inoculated plants also showed nominally higher succulence level (moisture) in okra fruits and pea pods at their picking stages compared to their non–AMF counterparts, again demonstrating a positive impact of AMF on quantitative vegetable freshness and plant water relations as well. AMF significantly enhanced the various indices of P-use efficiency in both crops. The increase in partial factor productivity (PFP), crop recovery efficiency (CRE) and % recovery (PR) of applied–P in okra under AMF inoculation was 9, 36 and 20%, respectively over non–AMF counterparts. In pea, AMF inoculation exhibited respective increase of 12, 61 and 27% in PFP, CRE and PR of applied–P over non–AMF counterparts. Production and monetary efficiencies in okra–pea cropping system were also enhanced by AMF inoculation. Overall, utilization of AMF in okra–pea cropping system indicated an economy of about 25% in soil–test based applied–P dose besides improved plant growth. AMF also revealed a tremendous potential in enhancing P- use efficiency, which otherwise is very low in acid Alfisol. Further, AMF inoculation may lead to improved fruit succulence to fetch better prices in market.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
AMF treatments gave 7% higher absolute growth rate in okra than non-AMF counterparts at the active growth period.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse1 - Treatment
- AMF imbedded treatmentse1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- absolute growth rate (AGR)e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 7e1
- Comparator
- non–AMF counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“AMF imbedded treatments exhibited 7 and 20% higher absolute growth rate (AGR) in okra and pea over non–AMF counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF treatments gave 20% higher absolute growth rate in pea than non-AMF counterparts at the active growth period.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Treatment
- AMF imbedded treatmentse1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- absolute growth rate (AGR)e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 20%e1
- Comparator
- non–AMF counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“AMF imbedded treatments exhibited 7 and 20% higher absolute growth rate (AGR) in okra and pea over non–AMF counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative growth rate of okra was not significantly affected by AMF application.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- AMF applicatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- relative growth rate (RGR)e1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“relative growth rate (RGR) both in okra and pea was not affected significantly by AMF application”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative growth rate of pea was not significantly affected by AMF application.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- AMF applicatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- relative growth rate (RGR)e1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“relative growth rate (RGR) both in okra and pea was not affected significantly by AMF application”
Claim · model-written summary
Net assimilation rate in okra was 17% higher with AMF inoculation.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- Net assimilation rate (NAR)e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 17e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR) in okra were higher by 17 and 3%, respectively with AMF inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop growth rate in okra was 3% higher with AMF inoculation.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- crop growth rate (CGR)e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 3%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR) in okra were higher by 17 and 3%, respectively with AMF inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation had an inconspicuous effect on net assimilation rate and crop growth rate in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- Net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR)e1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR) in okra were higher by 17 and 3%, respectively with AMF inoculation, though, effect on pea was inconspicuous”
Claim · model-written summary
At both irrigation regimes, AMF with 75% of the soil-test based P dose gave statistically similar okra fruit yield to the 100% P dose.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Organ / stage
- okra fruite1
- Treatment
- AMF + 75% soil–test based P dosee1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- 100% soil–test based P dosee1
- Setting
- both irrigation regimese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At both irrigation regimes, ‘AMF + 75% soil–test based P dose’ registered statistically similar okra fruit and pea pod yields as that obtained under ‘100% soil–test based P dose’”
Claim · model-written summary
At both irrigation regimes, AMF with 75% of the soil-test based P dose gave statistically similar pea pod yield to the 100% P dose.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Organ / stage
- pea pode1
- Treatment
- AMF + 75% soil–test based P dosee1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- 100% soil–test based P dosee1
- Setting
- both irrigation regimese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At both irrigation regimes, ‘AMF + 75% soil–test based P dose’ registered statistically similar okra fruit and pea pod yields as that obtained under ‘100% soil–test based P dose’”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-inoculated plants had nominally higher succulence (moisture) in okra fruits at picking than non-AMF plants.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Organ / stage
- okra fruitse1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatede1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- succulence level (moisture)e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- nominallye1
- Comparator
- non–AMF counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“AMF inoculated plants also showed nominally higher succulence level (moisture) in okra fruits and pea pods at their picking stages compared to their non–AMF counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-inoculated plants had nominally higher succulence (moisture) in pea pods at picking than non-AMF plants.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Organ / stage
- pea podse1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatede1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- succulence level (moisture)e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- nominallye1
- Comparator
- non–AMF counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“AMF inoculated plants also showed nominally higher succulence level (moisture) in okra fruits and pea pods at their picking stages compared to their non–AMF counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF significantly enhanced the various indices of P-use efficiency in both crops.
- Taxon
- both cropse1
- Treatment
- AMFe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- various indices of P-use efficiencye1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“AMF significantly enhanced the various indices of P-use efficiency in both crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Partial factor productivity of applied P in okra rose by 9% under AMF inoculation over non-AMF counterparts.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- partial factor productivity (PFP)e1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 9e1
- Comparator
- non–AMF counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The increase in partial factor productivity (PFP), crop recovery efficiency (CRE) and % recovery (PR) of applied–P in okra under AMF inoculation was 9, 36 and 20%, respectively over non–AMF counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop recovery efficiency of applied P in okra rose by 36% under AMF inoculation over non-AMF counterparts.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- crop recovery efficiency (CRE)e1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 36e1
- Comparator
- non–AMF counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The increase in partial factor productivity (PFP), crop recovery efficiency (CRE) and % recovery (PR) of applied–P in okra under AMF inoculation was 9, 36 and 20%, respectively over non–AMF counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
Percent recovery of applied P in okra rose by 20% under AMF inoculation over non-AMF counterparts.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- % recovery (PR) of applied–Pe1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 20%e1
- Comparator
- non–AMF counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The increase in partial factor productivity (PFP), crop recovery efficiency (CRE) and % recovery (PR) of applied–P in okra under AMF inoculation was 9, 36 and 20%, respectively over non–AMF counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
Partial factor productivity of applied P in pea rose by 12% under AMF inoculation over non-AMF counterparts.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- PFPe1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 12e1
- Comparator
- non–AMF counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In pea, AMF inoculation exhibited respective increase of 12, 61 and 27% in PFP, CRE and PR of applied–P over non–AMF counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop recovery efficiency of applied P in pea rose by 61% under AMF inoculation over non-AMF counterparts.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- CREe1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 61e1
- Comparator
- non–AMF counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In pea, AMF inoculation exhibited respective increase of 12, 61 and 27% in PFP, CRE and PR of applied–P over non–AMF counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
Percent recovery of applied P in pea rose by 27% under AMF inoculation over non-AMF counterparts.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- PR of applied–Pe1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 27%e1
- Comparator
- non–AMF counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In pea, AMF inoculation exhibited respective increase of 12, 61 and 27% in PFP, CRE and PR of applied–P over non–AMF counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
Production and monetary efficiencies in the okra-pea cropping system were enhanced by AMF inoculation.
- Taxon
- okra–pea cropping systeme1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- Production and monetary efficienciese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Production and monetary efficiencies in okra–pea cropping system were also enhanced by AMF inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that using AMF in the okra-pea cropping system allows about 25% economy in the soil-test based applied P dose.
Verbatim
e1“Overall, utilization of AMF in okra–pea cropping system indicated an economy of about 25% in soil–test based applied–P dose”
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See all 54 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.