Abstract
It has been hypothesised that enhanced organic acid release from the roots of zinc-efficient rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes plays a strong role in plant tolerance to both bicarbonate excess and Zn deficiency. To address several uncertainties in the literature surrounding the tolerance of rice to bicarbonate, we initially assessed the tolerance of six rice genotypes to bicarbonate stress under field conditions and in solution culture. The landrace Jalmagna and its recombinant inbred offspring, RIL46, consistently performed better in terms of maintenance of biomass and root length under high bicarbonate concentrations. In the hydroponic experiments, increased root malate (but not citrate) accumulation and efflux were responses to high solution bicarbonate in the short-term (12h) in all genotypes. Although both citrate and malate accumulation and efflux increased after long-term exposure (10 days) to high bicarbonate and Zn deficiency, it coincided with amino acid leakage from the roots. Partial least-squares regression showed that this leakage consistently ranked highly as an indicator of poor plant health under all stress conditions, whereas specific malate efflux (the ratio of malate to amino acid efflux) was an important predictor of good plant health. The root leakage of Zn-inefficient genotypes under bicarbonate and dual stress (bicarbonate with low Zn) was typically higher than in Zn-efficient genotypes, and coincided with higher peroxide concentrations, suggesting that bicarbonate tolerance is related to the ability of Zn-efficient genotypes to overcome oxidative stress, maintain root membrane integrity and minimise root leakage.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Jalmagna maintained biomass and root length better under high bicarbonate.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Jalmagnae0
- Treatment
- high bicarbonate concentrationse0
- Outcome
- maintenance of biomass and root lengthe0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The landrace Jalmagna and its recombinant inbred offspring, RIL46, consistently performed better in terms of maintenance of biomass and root length under high bicarbonate concentrations”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RIL46 maintained biomass and root length better under high bicarbonate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- RIL46e0
- Treatment
- high bicarbonate concentrationse0
- Outcome
- maintenance of biomass and root lengthe0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The landrace Jalmagna and its recombinant inbred offspring, RIL46, consistently performed better in terms of maintenance of biomass and root length under high bicarbonate concentrations”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
All genotypes increased root malate accumulation and efflux after short term high bicarbonate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high solution bicarbonatee0
- Outcome
- root malate (but not citrate) accumulation and effluxe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- short-term (12h)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased root malate (but not citrate) accumulation and efflux were responses to high solution bicarbonate in the short-term (12h) in all genotypes”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrate accumulation and efflux did not increase after short term high bicarbonate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high solution bicarbonatee0
- Outcome
- citrate) accumulation and effluxe0
- Qualifier
- short-term (12h)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased root malate (but not citrate) accumulation and efflux were responses to high solution bicarbonate in the short-term (12h) in all genotypes”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrate accumulation and efflux rose after long term high bicarbonate and zinc deficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high bicarbonate and Zn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- citrate and malate accumulation and effluxe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 10 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both citrate and malate accumulation and efflux increased after long-term exposure (10 days) to high bicarbonate and Zn deficiency”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Malate accumulation and efflux rose after long term high bicarbonate and zinc deficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high bicarbonate and Zn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- malate accumulation and effluxe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 10 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both citrate and malate accumulation and efflux increased after long-term exposure (10 days) to high bicarbonate and Zn deficiency”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Long term stress coincided with amino acid leakage from roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high bicarbonate and Zn deficiencye1
- Outcome
- amino acid leakage from the rootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it coincided with amino acid leakage from the roots”
e1“high bicarbonate and Zn deficiency”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid leakage ranked highly as an indicator of poor plant health across stress conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- poor plant healthe0
- Direction
- highlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this leakage consistently ranked highly as an indicator of poor plant health under all stress conditions”
e1“amino acid leakage from the roots”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific malate efflux predicted good plant health.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- malatee0
- Outcome
- good plant healthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“specific malate efflux (the ratio of malate to amino acid efflux) was an important predictor of good plant health”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc inefficient genotypes had higher root leakage under bicarbonate and combined stress than zinc efficient genotypes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Zn-inefficient genotypese0
- Treatment
- bicarbonate and dual stress (bicarbonate with low Zn)e0
- Outcome
- root leakagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Zn-efficient genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root leakage of Zn-inefficient genotypes under bicarbonate and dual stress (bicarbonate with low Zn) was typically higher than in Zn-efficient genotypes”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher root leakage coincided with higher peroxide concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Zn-inefficient genotypese1
- Outcome
- peroxide concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“coincided with higher peroxide concentrations”
e1“The root leakage of Zn-inefficient genotypes under bicarbonate and dual stress (bicarbonate with low Zn) was typically higher than in Zn-efficient genotypes”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors associate bicarbonate tolerance with overcoming oxidative stress and maintaining root membrane integrity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Zn-efficient genotypese0
- Outcome
- bicarbonate tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- overcome oxidative stress, maintain root membrane integrity and minimise root leakagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bicarbonate tolerance is related to the ability of Zn-efficient genotypes to overcome oxidative stress, maintain root membrane integrity and minimise root leakage”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
hydrogencarbonate · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.