Abstract
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is a sedentary endoparasitic plant pathogen with a very wide host range, which causes annual crop losses amounting to millions of dollars. The small number of available nematicides and restrictions on the use of non-fumigant nematicides due to high toxicity to humans and non-target organisms hinder effective nematode control. A possible alternative to chemical nematicides is the use of biological control agents for the management of this nematode. In the present study, the efficacy of four biocontrol agents was tested against M. incognita at different doses. The biocontrol agents Pasteuria penetrans, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma harzianum were mass produced and mixed with the formalin sterilized soil at the rates of 2 × 103, 4 × 103, 6 × 103, 8 × 103, and 1 × 104 endospores/chlamydospores/cfu per g of soil. Okra seeds (cv. Sabz Pari) were sown in pots of soil amended with the different agents, and 10 d after emergence, the plants were inoculated with 2000 freshly hatched second stage juveniles of M. incognita. Data on plant growth parameters and nematode infestations were recorded 7 weeks after inoculation. The antagonists varied significantly in enhancing various growth parameters and reducing nematode infestations in a dose-responsive manner. Both P. penetrans and P. lilacinus were equally effective and caused maximum reductions in number of galls, egg masses, nematode fecundity and build up as compared with T. harzianum and P. chlamydosporia. Reductions in these parameters at the concentration of 8 × 103 were statistically similar with those caused at the concentration of 1 × 104 chlamydospores/ endospores/cfu. Our results indicate that application of antagonists can suppress galling and reproduction of M. incognita resulting in enhancement of plant growth.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonists significantly improved plant growth and reduced nematode infestation with dose.
- Taxon
- Okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse2 - Treatment
- antagonistse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitat0pathogen - Outcome
- growth parameters and reducing nematode infestationse0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“antagonists varied significantly in enhancing various growth parameters and reducing nematode infestations in a dose-responsive manner”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita”
t1“Meloidogyne incognita”
e2“Okra seeds (cv. Sabz Pari) were sown in pots of soil amended with the different agents”
Claim · model-written summary
P. penetrans produced maximum reductions of galls, egg masses, fecundity and buildup versus two other agents.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
- Treatment
- P. penetranse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. penetransPasteuria penetranse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- number of galls, egg masses, nematode fecundity and build upe0
- Direction
- maximum reductionse0
- Comparator
- T. harzianum and P. chlamydosporiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both P. penetrans and P. lilacinus were equally effective and caused maximum reductions in number of galls, egg masses, nematode fecundity and build up as compared with T. harzianum and P. chlamydosporia”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita”
t1“Meloidogyne incognita”
e2“Okra seeds (cv. Sabz Pari) were sown in pots of soil amended with the different agents”
Claim · model-written summary
P. lilacinus produced maximum reductions of galls, egg masses, fecundity and buildup versus two other agents.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
- Treatment
- P. lilacinuse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. lilacinus
Purpureocillium lilacinume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- number of galls, egg masses, nematode fecundity and build upe0
- Direction
- maximum reductionse0
- Comparator
- T. harzianum and P. chlamydosporiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both P. penetrans and P. lilacinus were equally effective and caused maximum reductions in number of galls, egg masses, nematode fecundity and build up as compared with T. harzianum and P. chlamydosporia”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita”
t1“Meloidogyne incognita”
e2“Okra seeds (cv. Sabz Pari) were sown in pots of soil amended with the different agents”
Claim · model-written summary
At 8 × 103, reductions were statistically similar to those at 1 × 104.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
- Treatment
- concentration of 8 × 103e0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Outcome
- Reductions in these parameterse0
- Direction
- statistically similare0
- Comparator
- concentration of 1 × 104 chlamydospores/ endospores/cfue0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in these parameters at the concentration of 8 × 103 were statistically similar with those caused at the concentration of 1 × 104 chlamydospores/ endospores/cfu”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita”
t1“Meloidogyne incognita”
e2“Okra seeds (cv. Sabz Pari) were sown in pots of soil amended with the different agents”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded that antagonists suppress nematode galling and reproduction and enhance plant growth.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- application of antagonistse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of antagonists can suppress galling and reproduction of M. incognita resulting in enhancement of plant growth”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita”
t1“Meloidogyne incognita”
e2“Okra seeds (cv. Sabz Pari) were sown in pots of soil amended with the different agents”
The same questions in other papers
Purpureocillium lilacinum · Meloidogyne incognita · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
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- positive
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See all 13 papers →biocontrol · Meloidogyne incognita · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.