Abstract
In a pot experiment, the addition of chopped fresh leaves of castor, eucalyptus or neem enhanced growth of okra with or without Meloidogyne incognita and castor was the best. The addition of Paecilomyces lilacinus without plant leaves increased plant dry weight and reduced root galling. However, the effect of the fungus was not discernible in pots in which plant leaves were also incorporated. The impact of the fungus was evident by increased dry shoot weight in the presence of castor leaves only. Among the plant leaves, castor was most effective in suppressing root galling. With eggs as inoculum, plant leaves alone failed to reduce the final juvenile population in soil; however, in combination with the fungus, it was significantly reduced. When juveniles were used as inoculum, the fungus was not effective, while plant leaves reduced their final population to below a detectable level. Fungus recovery at the end of experiment ranged between 1-3x10³ CFU per g soil when used in combination with castor leaves. In other cases, it was below the detectable level. P. lilacinus was not recovered from egg masses in any of the treatments. In a field trial involving the use of castor leaves and P. lilacinus on tomato, maximum increase (120% over untreated control) in yield was recorded with the addition of leaves at 6 kg/m². The fungus population stabilised around 3x10³ CFU per g soil, but it did not contribute towards enhanced yields either alone or in combination with castor leaves.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Chopped fresh leaves of castor, eucalyptus or neem enhanced okra growth with or without Meloidogyne incognita in a pot experiment.
- Taxon
- okra
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Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- the addition of chopped fresh leaves of castor, eucalyptus or neeme1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae1pathogen - Outcome
- growth of okrae1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“In a pot experiment, the addition of chopped fresh leaves of castor, eucalyptus or neem enhanced growth of okra with or without Meloidogyne incognita”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
Claim · model-written summary
Among the leaves tested, castor was the best for okra growth.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- chopped fresh leaves of castore1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of okrae1
- Direction
- beste1
- Comparator
- eucalyptus or neeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a pot experiment, the addition of chopped fresh leaves of castor, eucalyptus or neem enhanced growth of okra with or without Meloidogyne incognita and castor was the best”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Paecilomyces lilacinus without plant leaves increased okra plant dry weight.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- the addition of Paecilomyces lilacinus without plant leavese1
- Interactor
- Paecilomyces lilacinus
Purpureocillium lilacinume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The addition of Paecilomyces lilacinus without plant leaves increased plant dry weight and reduced root galling”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Paecilomyces lilacinus without plant leaves reduced root galling of okra caused by Meloidogyne incognita.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- the addition of Paecilomyces lilacinus without plant leavese1
- Interactor
- MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITAMeloidogyne incognitat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Paecilomyces lilacinusPurpureocillium lilacinume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root gallinge1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The addition of Paecilomyces lilacinus without plant leaves increased plant dry weight and reduced root galling”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
t1“MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of the fungus was not discernible in pots in which plant leaves were also incorporated.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- plant leaves were also incorporatede1
- Outcome
- effect of the funguse1
- Direction
- not discerniblee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“However, the effect of the fungus was not discernible in pots in which plant leaves were also incorporated”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus increased okra shoot dry weight only in the presence of castor leaves.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- presence of castor leaves onlye1
- Outcome
- dry shoot weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The impact of the fungus was evident by increased dry shoot weight in the presence of castor leaves only”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
Claim · model-written summary
Among the plant leaves tested, castor was most effective in suppressing root galling.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- castore1
- Interactor
- MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITAMeloidogyne incognitat1pathogen
- Outcome
- root gallinge1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Comparator
- the plant leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the plant leaves, castor was most effective in suppressing root galling”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
t1“MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA”
Claim · model-written summary
With eggs as inoculum, plant leaves alone failed to reduce the final juvenile population of Meloidogyne incognita in soil.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- plant leaves alonee1
- Interactor
- MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITAMeloidogyne incognitat1pathogen
- Outcome
- final juvenile population in soile1
- Direction
- failed to reducee1
- Qualifier
- eggs as inoculume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“With eggs as inoculum, plant leaves alone failed to reduce the final juvenile population in soil”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
t1“MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA”
Claim · model-written summary
With eggs as inoculum, plant leaves combined with the fungus significantly reduced the final juvenile population in soil.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- in combination with the funguse1
- Interactor
- MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITAMeloidogyne incognitat1pathogen
- Outcome
- final juvenile population in soile1
- Direction
- significantly reducede1
- Qualifier
- eggs as inoculume1
- Comparator
- plant leaves alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“With eggs as inoculum, plant leaves alone failed to reduce the final juvenile population in soil; however, in combination with the fungus, it was significantly reduced”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
t1“MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA”
Claim · model-written summary
When juveniles were used as inoculum, the fungus was not effective.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- juveniles were used as inoculume1
- Interactor
- MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITAMeloidogyne incognitat1pathogen
- Outcome
- effectivee1
- Direction
- not effectivee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When juveniles were used as inoculum, the fungus was not effective, while plant leaves reduced their final population to below a detectable level”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
t1“MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA”
Claim · model-written summary
When juveniles were used as inoculum, plant leaves reduced the final juvenile population to below a detectable level.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- plant leavese1
- Interactor
- MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITAMeloidogyne incognitat1pathogen
- Outcome
- final populatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- below a detectable levele1
- Qualifier
- juveniles were used as inoculume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When juveniles were used as inoculum, the fungus was not effective, while plant leaves reduced their final population to below a detectable level”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
t1“MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungus recovery was 1-3x10³ CFU per g soil when used in combination with castor leaves.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- in combination with castor leavese1
- Outcome
- Fungus recoverye1
- Value
- 1-3x10³ CFU per g soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fungus recovery at the end of experiment ranged between 1-3x10³ CFU per g soil when used in combination with castor leaves”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
Claim · model-written summary
Paecilomyces lilacinus was not recovered from egg masses in any treatment.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Interactor
- P. lilacinusPurpureocillium lilacinume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- recovered from egg massese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“P. lilacinus was not recovered from egg masses in any of the treatments”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding leaves at 6 kg/m² in a field trial gave a maximum yield increase of 120% over untreated control on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- the addition of leaves at 6 kg/m²e1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 120%e1
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
- Setting
- field triale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a field trial involving the use of castor leaves and P. lilacinus on tomato, maximum increase (120% over untreated control) in yield was recorded with the addition of leaves at 6 kg/m²”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus population stabilised around 3x10³ CFU per g soil in the field trial.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- The fungus populatione1
- Value
- 3x10³ CFU per g soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The fungus population stabilised around 3x10³ CFU per g soil, but it did not contribute towards enhanced yields either alone or in combination with castor leaves”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
Claim · model-written summary
Paecilomyces lilacinus did not contribute to enhanced tomato yields either alone or in combination with castor leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- in combination with castor leavese1
- Outcome
- enhanced yieldse1
- Direction
- did not contribute towardse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The fungus population stabilised around 3x10³ CFU per g soil, but it did not contribute towards enhanced yields either alone or in combination with castor leaves”
t0“ON OKRA AND TOMATO”
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