Abstract
A field study was carried out to manage the root-knot disease caused by root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infesting okra through integration of biological control agents and farm yard manure (FYM). The study site was heavily infested with root-knot nematode, M. incognita (5.3 J2s/g soil). For this study, talc-based preparation of egg parasitic fungus (fungal bio-agent), Purpureocillium lilacinum (Paecilomyces lilacinus) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens were applied as seed treatment (10 g/kg seed) as well as soil application (10 kg/ha) with 1.5 t/ha FYM in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRD). Besides untreated control, chemical nematicide, carbofuran was also kept as control for comparison. Application of any of the tested management components reduced the incidence of root-knot disease of okra compared to the control (untreated). Integration of all management components caused better recovery of plant height (20%) and enhanced marketable fruit yield (71%) compared with individual treatments and/or control(s). Also, the best protection of root-knot disease of okra, in terms of reduction of root-knot gall-index (1.0) and reproductive factor (Pf/Pi (R) = 0.4), was achieved through integration of seed treatment and soil application of both bio-agents, P. lilacinum and P. fluorescens and FYM, which was recorded next to the tested chemical nematicide. It is suggested that integrated approach using bio-control agents with FYM to manage root-knot disease of okra under natural infestation is not only environmentally friendly but also more beneficial to growers. This approach has also potential for overcoming some of the efficacy problems that occur with application of individual bio-control agents.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Any of the tested management components (bio-agents, FYM) reduced root-knot disease incidence in okra compared with the untreated control.
- Taxon
- Okra
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Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- tested management componentse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitat1pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of root-knot diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the control (untreated)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Okra”
t1“Meloidogyne incognita”
e0“Application of any of the tested management components reduced the incidence of root-knot disease of okra compared to the control (untreated)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating all management components improved recovery of okra plant height by 20% compared with individual treatments and/or controls.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Integration of all management componentse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- better recoverye0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- individual treatments and/or control(s)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra”
e0“Integration of all management components caused better recovery of plant height (20%) and enhanced marketable fruit yield (71%) compared with individual treatments and/or control(s)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating all management components enhanced marketable okra fruit yield by 71% compared with individual treatments and/or controls.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Integration of all management componentse0
- Outcome
- marketable fruit yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 71%e0
- Comparator
- individual treatments and/or control(s)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra”
e0“Integration of all management components caused better recovery of plant height (20%) and enhanced marketable fruit yield (71%) compared with individual treatments and/or control(s)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment plus soil application of P. lilacinum, P. fluorescens and FYM gave the best protection, reducing the root-knot gall index to 1.0, second only to the chemical nematicide.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- integration of seed treatment and soil application of both bio-agents, P. lilacinum and P. fluorescens and FYMe0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. lilacinum
Purpureocillium lilacinume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- root-knot gall-indexe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 1.0e0
- Qualifier
- P. lilacinum and P. fluorescens and FYM, which was recorded next to the tested chemical nematicidee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra”
t1“Meloidogyne incognita”
e0“the best protection of root-knot disease of okra, in terms of reduction of root-knot gall-index (1.0) and reproductive factor (Pf/Pi (R) = 0.4), was achieved through integration of seed treatment and soil application of both bio-agents, P. lilacinum and P. fluorescens and FYM, which was recorded next to the tested chemical nematicide”
Claim · model-written summary
The same integrated treatment reduced the reproductive factor of the nematode to 0.4, second only to the chemical nematicide.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- integration of seed treatment and soil application of both bio-agents, P. lilacinum and P. fluorescens and FYMe0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. lilacinumPurpureocillium lilacinume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- reproductive factore0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 0.4e0
- Qualifier
- P. lilacinum and P. fluorescens and FYM, which was recorded next to the tested chemical nematicidee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra”
t1“Meloidogyne incognita”
e0“the best protection of root-knot disease of okra, in terms of reduction of root-knot gall-index (1.0) and reproductive factor (Pf/Pi (R) = 0.4), was achieved through integration of seed treatment and soil application of both bio-agents, P. lilacinum and P. fluorescens and FYM, which was recorded next to the tested chemical nematicide”
Claim · model-written summary
An integrated approach using bio-control agents with FYM is suggested for managing root-knot disease of okra under natural infestation.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- integrated approach using bio-control agents with FYMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated approach using bio-control agents with FYM to manage root-knot disease of okra under natural infestation is not only environmentally friendly but also more beneficial to growers”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.