Abstract
Oil sprays increase the phytotoxicity of captan to apple foliage. The purpose of this study was to determine if oils increase the penetration of captan through leaf cuticles. Enzymatically isolated apple leaf cuticles were used as a model system to study captan penetration. A bioassay was developed using the inhibition of growth of Penicillium cyclopium on potato-dextrose agar as a measure of captan penetration through the cuticle. Captan penetrated through both surfaces, but significantly more penetrated through the abaxial cuticles than the adaxial cuticles. Increasing the captan concentration increased the captan penetration through the abaxial cuticle in a linear relationship. Captan penetration through the cuticle was increased by 63% when cuticles were treated with captan plus 1% emulsified soybean oil. Abaxial cuticles treated with captan plus emulsified soybean oil or with captan plus SunSpray Ultra-Fine oil had >125% greater captan penetration than cuticles treated with only captan. Cuticles treated with captan plus dormant oil (petroleum oil) had 220% more captan penetration than the captan only treatment.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Captan penetrated both apple leaf cuticle surfaces.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Organ / stage
- leaf cuticlese1
- Outcome
- Captan penetrated through both surfacese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Captan penetrated through both surfaces”
e1“apple leaf cuticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing captan concentration increased abaxial penetration linearly.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- captan concentratione0
- Outcome
- captan penetration through the abaxial cuticlee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- linear relationshipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the captan concentration increased the captan penetration through the abaxial cuticle in a linear relationship”
e1“apple leaf cuticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan with 1% emulsified soybean oil increased cuticle penetration by 63%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- captan plus 1% emulsified soybean oile0
- Outcome
- Captan penetration through the cuticlee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 63%e0
- Comparator
- captan only treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Captan penetration through the cuticle was increased by 63% when cuticles were treated with captan plus 1% emulsified soybean oil”
e1“apple leaf cuticles”
e2“captan only treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan with emulsified soybean oil increased abaxial penetration by over 125% versus captan only.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- captan plus emulsified soybean oile0
- Outcome
- captan penetratione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- >125%e0
- Comparator
- only captane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abaxial cuticles treated with captan plus emulsified soybean oil or with captan plus SunSpray Ultra-Fine oil had >125% greater captan penetration than cuticles treated with only captan”
e1“apple leaf cuticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan with SunSpray Ultra-Fine oil increased abaxial penetration by over 125% versus captan only.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- captan plus SunSpray Ultra-Fine oile0
- Outcome
- captan penetratione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- >125%e0
- Comparator
- only captane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abaxial cuticles treated with captan plus emulsified soybean oil or with captan plus SunSpray Ultra-Fine oil had >125% greater captan penetration than cuticles treated with only captan”
e1“apple leaf cuticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan with dormant oil increased penetration by 220% versus captan only.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- captan plus dormant oil (petroleum oil)e0
- Outcome
- captan penetratione0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 220%e0
- Comparator
- captan only treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cuticles treated with captan plus dormant oil (petroleum oil) had 220% more captan penetration than the captan only treatment”
e1“apple leaf cuticles”
The same questions in other papers
captan · molecular: metabolites · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.