Abstract
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) has the potential to establish symbiosis with rhizobia, and symbiotic association of soil micro flora may facilitate the photosynthesis and plant growth response to elevated [CO2]. Mung bean was grown at either ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1 or [CO2] ((550±17) µmol mol−1) under free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experimental facility in North China. Elevated [CO2] increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of upper most fully-expanded leaves, but decreased stomatal conductance (Gs), intrinsic efficiency of PSII (Fv′/Fm′), quantum yield of PSII (ϕPSII) and proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP). At elevated [CO2], the decrease of Fv′/Fm′, ϕPSII, qp at the bloom stage were smaller than that at the pod stage. On the other hand, Pn was increased at elevated [CO2] by 18.7 and 7.4% at full bloom (R2) and pod maturity stages (R4), respectively. From these findings, we concluded that as a legume despite greater nutrient supply to the carbon assimilation at elevated [CO2], photosynthetic capacity of mung bean was still suppressed under elevated [CO2] particularly at pod maturity stage but plant biomass and yield was increased by 11.6 and 14.2%, respectively. Further, these findings suggest that even under higher nutrient acquisition systems such as legumes, nutrient assimilation does not match carbon assimilation under elevated [CO2] and leads photosynthesis down-regulation to elevated [CO2].
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased mung bean leaf net photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- Mung bean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (Pn)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO2] increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of upper most fully-expanded leaves, but decreased stomatal conductance (Gs), intrinsic efficiency of PSII (Fv′/Fm′), quantum yield of PSII (ϕPSII) and proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP).”
e1“ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1”
t0“Mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency (WUE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO2] increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of upper most fully-expanded leaves, but decreased stomatal conductance (Gs), intrinsic efficiency of PSII (Fv′/Fm′), quantum yield of PSII (ϕPSII) and proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP).”
e1“ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1”
t0“Mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased non-photochemical quenching.
- Taxon
- Mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO2] increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of upper most fully-expanded leaves, but decreased stomatal conductance (Gs), intrinsic efficiency of PSII (Fv′/Fm′), quantum yield of PSII (ϕPSII) and proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP).”
e1“ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1”
t0“Mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- Mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance (Gs)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO2] increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of upper most fully-expanded leaves, but decreased stomatal conductance (Gs), intrinsic efficiency of PSII (Fv′/Fm′), quantum yield of PSII (ϕPSII) and proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP).”
e1“ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1”
t0“Mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased intrinsic PSII efficiency.
- Taxon
- Mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- intrinsic efficiency of PSII (Fv′/Fm′)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO2] increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of upper most fully-expanded leaves, but decreased stomatal conductance (Gs), intrinsic efficiency of PSII (Fv′/Fm′), quantum yield of PSII (ϕPSII) and proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP).”
e1“ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1”
t0“Mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased PSII quantum yield.
- Taxon
- Mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- quantum yield of PSII (ϕPSII)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO2] increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of upper most fully-expanded leaves, but decreased stomatal conductance (Gs), intrinsic efficiency of PSII (Fv′/Fm′), quantum yield of PSII (ϕPSII) and proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP).”
e1“ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1”
t0“Mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased the share of open PSII reaction centers.
- Taxon
- Mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO2] increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of upper most fully-expanded leaves, but decreased stomatal conductance (Gs), intrinsic efficiency of PSII (Fv′/Fm′), quantum yield of PSII (ϕPSII) and proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP).”
e1“ambient CO2 400 µmol mol−1”
t0“Mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The decline in Fv′/Fm′ under elevated CO2 was smaller at bloom than at pod stage.
- Taxon
- Mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- bloom stagee0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- Fv′/Fm′e0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- pod stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At elevated [CO2], the decrease of Fv′/Fm′, ϕPSII, qp at the bloom stage were smaller than that at the pod stage.”
t0“Mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The decline in ϕPSII under elevated CO2 was smaller at bloom than at pod stage.
- Taxon
- Mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- bloom stagee0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- ϕPSIIe0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- pod stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At elevated [CO2], the decrease of Fv′/Fm′, ϕPSII, qp at the bloom stage were smaller than that at the pod stage.”
t0“Mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The decline in qp under elevated CO2 was smaller at bloom than at pod stage.
- Taxon
- Mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- bloom stagee0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- qpe0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- pod stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At elevated [CO2], the decrease of Fv′/Fm′, ϕPSII, qp at the bloom stage were smaller than that at the pod stage.”
t0“Mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased net photosynthesis by 18.7% at full bloom.
- Taxon
- Mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- full bloom (R2)e0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- Pne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pn was increased at elevated [CO2] by 18.7 and 7.4% at full bloom (R2) and pod maturity stages (R4), respectively.”
t0“Mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased net photosynthesis by 7.4% at pod maturity.
- Taxon
- Mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- pod maturity stages (R4)e0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- Pne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pn was increased at elevated [CO2] by 18.7 and 7.4% at full bloom (R2) and pod maturity stages (R4), respectively.”
t0“Mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mung bean photosynthetic capacity was suppressed under elevated CO2, especially at pod maturity.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Organ / stage
- pod maturity stagee0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic capacity of mung bean was still suppressed under elevated [CO2] particularly at pod maturity stage but plant biomass and yield was increased by 11.6 and 14.2%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased mung bean biomass by 11.6%.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic capacity of mung bean was still suppressed under elevated [CO2] particularly at pod maturity stage but plant biomass and yield was increased by 11.6 and 14.2%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased mung bean yield by 14.2%.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic capacity of mung bean was still suppressed under elevated [CO2] particularly at pod maturity stage but plant biomass and yield was increased by 11.6 and 14.2%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that nutrient assimilation lagged carbon assimilation under elevated CO2 and caused photosynthetic down-regulation.
- Taxon
- Mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis down-regulatione0
- Qualifier
- nutrient assimilation does not match carbon assimilatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrient assimilation does not match carbon assimilation under elevated [CO2] and leads photosynthesis down-regulation to elevated [CO2].”
t0“Mung bean”
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