Abstract
ABSTRACT Based on the literature, under-utilized hulled wheats could be tolerant to some harsh environmental conditions. The effect of salt stress on chlorophyll content, leaf area, dry weight, and ion concentrations in eight genotypes of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum) using a three-replicate completely random design indoor experiment was studied. These genotypes included six hulled wheat (HW), T. turgidum subspp. Dicoccum, and two free-threshing wheat (FTW), T. turgidum subspp. durum. Salt stress was induced by adding sodium chloride (NaCl) to a hydroponic medium to 40, 80, and 120 mM, in addition to control. Salinity reduced leaf content of chlorophyll a (chl-a) at 120 mM but had not significant effect on chlorophyll b (chl-b) content. Salt stress decreased plant leaf area by nearly 63%. Plant top dry weight declined by 52% with increasing salinity to 120 mM level. Plant top calcium (Ca2+) content was not affected, whereas plant top sodium (Na+) concentration increased and potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg+) concentration decreased with increasing salinity, averaged over genotypes. No significant interaction of genotype × salinity was detected for traits studied in this experiment. When contrasted as two groups of genotypes, i.e., HW vs. FTW, the former group suffered more severe decreases in terms of chl-a, chl-b, leaf area, dry weight, and Mg2+ concentration and a more pronounced increase in Na+ compared to the FTW. Overall, no evidence of salt tolerance was found for hulled tetraploid wheats of central Iran. Keywords: chlorophyll contentleaf areaion concentrationssalinityhulled wheat ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was financially supported by the Isfahan University of Technology. Notes *Means followed by a same letter(s) in a row are not significantly different from each other (P = 0.05), according to LSD.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
At 120 mM salinity, wheat leaf chlorophyll a content declined.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf content of chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 120 mMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced leaf content of chlorophyll a (chl-a) at 120 mM”
t0“Growth, Chlorophyll, and Cation Concentration of Tetraploid Wheat on a Solution High in Sodium Chloride Salt: Hulled Versus Free-Threshing Genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity did not significantly affect wheat chlorophyll b content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll b (chl-b) contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced leaf content of chlorophyll a (chl-a) at 120 mM but had not significant effect on chlorophyll b (chl-b) content.”
t0“Growth, Chlorophyll, and Cation Concentration of Tetraploid Wheat on a Solution High in Sodium Chloride Salt: Hulled Versus Free-Threshing Genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased wheat leaf area by nearly 63%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- plant leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- nearly 63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress decreased plant leaf area by nearly 63%.”
t0“Growth, Chlorophyll, and Cation Concentration of Tetraploid Wheat on a Solution High in Sodium Chloride Salt: Hulled Versus Free-Threshing Genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat top dry weight declined by 52% at 120 mM salinity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing salinity to 120 mM levele0
- Outcome
- Plant top dry weighte0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 52%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant top dry weight declined by 52% with increasing salinity to 120 mM level.”
t0“Growth, Chlorophyll, and Cation Concentration of Tetraploid Wheat on a Solution High in Sodium Chloride Salt: Hulled Versus Free-Threshing Genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat top calcium content was unaffected by increasing salinity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- Plant top calcium (Ca2+) contente0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant top calcium (Ca2+) content was not affected”
t0“Growth, Chlorophyll, and Cation Concentration of Tetraploid Wheat on a Solution High in Sodium Chloride Salt: Hulled Versus Free-Threshing Genotypes”
e1“Salinity reduced leaf content of chlorophyll a (chl-a) at 120 mM”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat top sodium concentration increased with salinity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- plant top sodium (Na+) concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant top sodium (Na+) concentration increased”
t0“Growth, Chlorophyll, and Cation Concentration of Tetraploid Wheat on a Solution High in Sodium Chloride Salt: Hulled Versus Free-Threshing Genotypes”
e1“Salinity reduced leaf content of chlorophyll a (chl-a) at 120 mM”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat top potassium concentration decreased with salinity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- potassium (K+)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg+) concentration decreased with increasing salinity”
t0“Growth, Chlorophyll, and Cation Concentration of Tetraploid Wheat on a Solution High in Sodium Chloride Salt: Hulled Versus Free-Threshing Genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat top magnesium concentration decreased with salinity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- magnesium (Mg+) concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“magnesium (Mg+) concentration decreased with increasing salinity”
t0“Growth, Chlorophyll, and Cation Concentration of Tetraploid Wheat on a Solution High in Sodium Chloride Salt: Hulled Versus Free-Threshing Genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant genotype-by-salinity interaction was found for the studied traits.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- genotypee0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- interaction of genotype × salinitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant interaction of genotype × salinity was detected for traits studied in this experiment.”
t0“Growth, Chlorophyll, and Cation Concentration of Tetraploid Wheat on a Solution High in Sodium Chloride Salt: Hulled Versus Free-Threshing Genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Hulled wheat had larger salinity-related decreases in chlorophyll a and b and leaf area than free-threshing wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- HWe0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- chl-a, chl-b, leaf areae0
- Direction
- more severe decreasese0
- Comparator
- FTWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HW vs. FTW, the former group suffered more severe decreases in terms of chl-a, chl-b, leaf area”
t0“Growth, Chlorophyll, and Cation Concentration of Tetraploid Wheat on a Solution High in Sodium Chloride Salt: Hulled Versus Free-Threshing Genotypes”
e1“Salinity reduced leaf content of chlorophyll a (chl-a) at 120 mM”
Claim · model-written summary
Hulled wheat had larger salinity-related decreases in dry weight and magnesium concentration than free-threshing wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- HWe0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- dry weight, and Mg2+ concentratione0
- Direction
- more severe decreasese0
- Comparator
- FTWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HW vs. FTW, the former group suffered more severe decreases in terms of chl-a, chl-b, leaf area, dry weight, and Mg2+ concentration”
t0“Growth, Chlorophyll, and Cation Concentration of Tetraploid Wheat on a Solution High in Sodium Chloride Salt: Hulled Versus Free-Threshing Genotypes”
e1“Salinity reduced leaf content of chlorophyll a (chl-a) at 120 mM”
Claim · model-written summary
Hulled wheat had a larger salinity-related sodium increase than free-threshing wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- HWe1
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- Na+e0
- Direction
- more pronounced increasee0
- Comparator
- FTWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a more pronounced increase in Na+ compared to the FTW”
t0“Growth, Chlorophyll, and Cation Concentration of Tetraploid Wheat on a Solution High in Sodium Chloride Salt: Hulled Versus Free-Threshing Genotypes”
e1“HW vs. FTW, the former group suffered more severe decreases in terms of chl-a, chl-b, leaf area”
e2“Salinity reduced leaf content of chlorophyll a (chl-a) at 120 mM”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors found no evidence of salt tolerance in hulled tetraploid wheats of central Iran.
Verbatim
e0“no evidence of salt tolerance was found for hulled tetraploid wheats of central Iran”
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