Abstract
In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles, such as detoxifying rhizotoxic aluminum (Al) and recruiting beneficial rhizobacteria that induce plant immunity. ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER1 (AtALMT1) is a critical gene in these responses, but its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the mechanism of the multiple responses of AtALMT1, we profiled its expression patterns in wild-type plants, in transgenic plants harboring various deleted promoter constructs, and in mutant plants with defects in signal transduction in response to various inducers. AtALMT1 transcription was clearly induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), low pH, and hydrogen peroxide, indicating that it was able to respond to multiple signals, while it was not induced by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid. The IAA-signaling double mutant nonphototropic hypocotyls4-1; auxin-responsive factor19-1 and the ABA-signaling mutant aba insensitive1-1 did not respond to auxin and ABA, respectively, but both showed an Al response comparable to that of the wild type. A synthetic microbe-associated molecular pattern peptide, flagellin22 (flg22), induced AtALMT1 transcription but did not induce the transcription of IAA- and ABA-responsive biomarker genes, indicating that both Al and flg22 responses of AtALMT1 were independent of IAA and ABA signaling. An in planta β-glucuronidase reporter assay identified that the ABA response was regulated by a region upstream (-317 bp) from the first ATG codon, but other stress responses may share critical regulatory element(s) located between -292 and -317 bp. These results illustrate the complex regulation of AtALMT1 expression during the adaptation to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
IAA induced AtALMT1 transcription.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)e1
- Gene
- AtALMT1e1
- Outcome
- AtALMT1 transcriptione1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e1“AtALMT1 transcription was clearly induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), low pH, and hydrogen peroxide, indicating that it was able to respond to multiple signals, while it was not induced by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA induced AtALMT1 transcription.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- abscisic acid (ABA)e1
- Gene
- AtALMT1e1
- Outcome
- AtALMT1 transcriptione1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e1“AtALMT1 transcription was clearly induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), low pH, and hydrogen peroxide, indicating that it was able to respond to multiple signals, while it was not induced by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Low pH induced AtALMT1 transcription.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- low pHe1
- Gene
- AtALMT1e1
- Outcome
- AtALMT1 transcriptione1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e1“AtALMT1 transcription was clearly induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), low pH, and hydrogen peroxide, indicating that it was able to respond to multiple signals, while it was not induced by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide induced AtALMT1 transcription.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- hydrogen peroxidee1
- Gene
- AtALMT1e1
- Outcome
- AtALMT1 transcriptione1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e1“AtALMT1 transcription was clearly induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), low pH, and hydrogen peroxide, indicating that it was able to respond to multiple signals, while it was not induced by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate did not induce AtALMT1 transcription.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- methyl jasmonatee1
- Gene
- AtALMT1e1
- Outcome
- AtALMT1 transcriptione1
- Direction
- not inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e1“AtALMT1 transcription was clearly induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), low pH, and hydrogen peroxide, indicating that it was able to respond to multiple signals, while it was not induced by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid did not induce AtALMT1 transcription.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide1
- Gene
- AtALMT1e1
- Outcome
- AtALMT1 transcriptione1
- Direction
- not inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e1“AtALMT1 transcription was clearly induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), low pH, and hydrogen peroxide, indicating that it was able to respond to multiple signals, while it was not induced by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
The microbe-associated peptide flg22 induced AtALMT1 transcription.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- flagellin22 (flg22)e2
- Gene
- AtALMT1e2
- Outcome
- AtALMT1 transcriptione2
- Direction
- inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e2“A synthetic microbe-associated molecular pattern peptide, flagellin22 (flg22), induced AtALMT1 transcription but did not induce the transcription of IAA- and ABA-responsive biomarker genes, indicating that both Al and flg22 responses of AtALMT1 were independent of IAA and ABA signaling”
Claim · model-written summary
Flg22 did not induce transcription of IAA- and ABA-responsive biomarker genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- flagellin22 (flg22)e2
- Outcome
- transcription of IAA- and ABA-responsive biomarker genese2
- Direction
- did not inducee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e2“A synthetic microbe-associated molecular pattern peptide, flagellin22 (flg22), induced AtALMT1 transcription but did not induce the transcription of IAA- and ABA-responsive biomarker genes, indicating that both Al and flg22 responses of AtALMT1 were independent of IAA and ABA signaling”
Claim · model-written summary
The IAA-signaling double mutant nonphototropic hypocotyls4-1; auxin-responsive factor19-1 did not respond to auxin.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- nonphototropic hypocotyls4-1; auxin-responsive factor19-1e3
- Treatment
- auxine3
- Outcome
- respond to auxine3
- Direction
- did not responde3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e3“The IAA-signaling double mutant nonphototropic hypocotyls4-1; auxin-responsive factor19-1 and the ABA-signaling mutant aba insensitive1-1 did not respond to auxin and ABA, respectively, but both showed an Al response comparable to that of the wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
The ABA-signaling mutant aba insensitive1-1 did not respond to ABA.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- aba insensitive1-1e3
- Treatment
- ABAe3
- Outcome
- respond to auxin and ABAe3
- Direction
- did not responde3
- Qualifier
- respectivelye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e3“The IAA-signaling double mutant nonphototropic hypocotyls4-1; auxin-responsive factor19-1 and the ABA-signaling mutant aba insensitive1-1 did not respond to auxin and ABA, respectively, but both showed an Al response comparable to that of the wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
The IAA-signaling double mutant nonphototropic hypocotyls4-1; auxin-responsive factor19-1 showed an Al response comparable to the wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- nonphototropic hypocotyls4-1; auxin-responsive factor19-1e3
- Treatment
- Ale3
- Outcome
- Al responsee3
- Direction
- comparablee3
- Comparator
- wild typee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e3“The IAA-signaling double mutant nonphototropic hypocotyls4-1; auxin-responsive factor19-1 and the ABA-signaling mutant aba insensitive1-1 did not respond to auxin and ABA, respectively, but both showed an Al response comparable to that of the wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
The ABA-signaling mutant aba insensitive1-1 showed an Al response comparable to the wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- aba insensitive1-1e3
- Treatment
- Ale3
- Outcome
- Al responsee3
- Direction
- comparablee3
- Comparator
- wild typee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e3“The IAA-signaling double mutant nonphototropic hypocotyls4-1; auxin-responsive factor19-1 and the ABA-signaling mutant aba insensitive1-1 did not respond to auxin and ABA, respectively, but both showed an Al response comparable to that of the wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
The ABA response of AtALMT1 is regulated by a region upstream (-317 bp) from the first ATG codon.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Outcome
- ABA responsee4
- Qualifier
- a region upstream (-317 bp) from the first ATG codone4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e4“An in planta β-glucuronidase reporter assay identified that the ABA response was regulated by a region upstream (-317 bp) from the first ATG codon, but other stress responses may share critical regulatory element(s) located between -292 and -317 bp”
Claim · model-written summary
Other stress responses may share critical regulatory elements located between -292 and -317 bp.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Outcome
- other stress responsese4
- Qualifier
- critical regulatory element(s) located between -292 and -317 bpe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), malate released into the rhizosphere has various roles”
e4“An in planta β-glucuronidase reporter assay identified that the ABA response was regulated by a region upstream (-317 bp) from the first ATG codon, but other stress responses may share critical regulatory element(s) located between -292 and -317 bp”
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