Abstract
Acorn germination and seedling survival were studied in three species of foothill woodland oaks. Quercus douglasii and Q. lobata acorns matured in October. These nondormant acorns germinated quickly at favorable temperatures. Quercus agrifolia acorns matured later and germinated more slowly. Acorns placed on the surface of a south—aspect plot lost viability. On a north—facing plot they survived autumn heat and germinated during the winter, but rooted poorly. Acorns buried on either aspect germinated well. Burial by birds and squirrels, important in regeneration, insulates acorns from autumn heat, partially hides them from animals, and ensures rooting. Quercus douglasii seedlings had the greatest drought tolerance. In grass cover on a south—facing soil even they can survive their first summer only during wet years. On north aspects seedlings of several species can survive grass competition over a broader range of climatic conditions. Deer and pocket gophers are important in eliminating seedlings that survive the summer drought.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Quercus douglasii acorns matured in October.
- Taxon
- Quercus douglasii
Quercus douglasiie0 - Organ / stage
- acornse0
- Outcome
- matured in Octobere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quercus douglasii and Q. lobata acorns matured in October”
Claim · model-written summary
Q. lobata acorns matured in October.
- Taxon
- Q. lobata
Quercus lobatae0 - Organ / stage
- acornse0
- Outcome
- matured in Octobere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quercus douglasii and Q. lobata acorns matured in October”
Claim · model-written summary
Nondormant acorns of these two oaks germinated quickly at favorable temperatures.
- Taxon
- Quercus douglasiiQuercus douglasiie1
- Organ / stage
- acornse0
- Outcome
- germinated quicklye0
- Qualifier
- favorable temperaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These nondormant acorns germinated quickly at favorable temperatures”
e1“Quercus douglasii and Q. lobata acorns matured in October”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercus agrifolia acorns matured later.
- Taxon
- Quercus agrifolia
Quercus agrifoliae0 - Organ / stage
- acornse0
- Outcome
- matured latere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quercus agrifolia acorns matured later and germinated more slowly”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercus agrifolia acorns germinated more slowly.
- Taxon
- Quercus agrifoliaQuercus agrifoliae0
- Organ / stage
- acornse0
- Outcome
- germinated more slowlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quercus agrifolia acorns matured later and germinated more slowly”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface acorns lost viability on a south aspect.
QuercusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oak Regeneration in the Upper Carmel Valley, California”
e0“Acorns placed on the surface of a south—aspect plot lost viability”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface acorns on a north aspect survived autumn heat and germinated in winter but rooted poorly.
- Outcome
- survived autumn heat and germinated during the winter, but rooted poorlye0
- Setting
- north—facing plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oak Regeneration in the Upper Carmel Valley, California”
e0“On a north—facing plot they survived autumn heat and germinated during the winter, but rooted poorly”
Claim · model-written summary
Buried acorns germinated well on either aspect.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oak Regeneration in the Upper Carmel Valley, California”
e0“Acorns buried on either aspect germinated well”
Claim · model-written summary
Burial by birds and squirrels insulates acorns from heat, hides them from animals, and ensures rooting.
- Interactor
- birds and squirrelsAvesSciuromorphae0other
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Qualifier
- insulates acorns from autumn heat, partially hides them from animalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oak Regeneration in the Upper Carmel Valley, California”
e0“Burial by birds and squirrels, important in regeneration, insulates acorns from autumn heat, partially hides them from animals, and ensures rooting”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercus douglasii seedlings had the greatest drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- Quercus douglasiiQuercus douglasiie0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quercus douglasii seedlings had the greatest drought tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
On south-facing soil with grass, Quercus douglasii seedlings survived their first summer only in wet years.
- Taxon
- Quercus douglasiiQuercus douglasiie0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Outcome
- survive their first summere0
- Qualifier
- only during wet yearse0
- Setting
- south—facing soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quercus douglasii seedlings had the greatest drought tolerance. In grass cover on a south—facing soil even they can survive their first summer only during wet years”
Claim · model-written summary
On north aspects, seedlings of several species survive grass competition over broader climate conditions.
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Outcome
- survive grass competitione0
- Qualifier
- broader range of climatic conditionse0
- Setting
- north aspectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oak Regeneration in the Upper Carmel Valley, California”
e0“On north aspects seedlings of several species can survive grass competition over a broader range of climatic conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Deer and pocket gophers eliminated seedlings surviving summer drought.
- Outcome
- eliminating seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oak Regeneration in the Upper Carmel Valley, California”
e0“Deer and pocket gophers are important in eliminating seedlings that survive the summer drought”