Abstract
Abstract Nitrogen fertilization of row crops in humid regions can result in leaching of NO 3 , which represents an inefficient use of resources and may result in environmental degradation. A localized compaction and doming (LCD) fertilizer injector was developed to alter the physical properties of soil surrounding knife‐injected N. Injection by LCD includes smearing macropores below the injection slot, formation of a localized compacted soil layer over the injected N, and formation of a surface dome to cover the compacted soil layer and the fertilizer band. The LCD injector was tested, along with a conventional knife injector (without a covering disk), to evaluate its effect on leaching by determining NO 3 and Br tracer redistribution after NO 3 fertilizer injection. Chemical distributions were determined by intensive soil sampling to 0.8 m below the soil surface. In a second experiment, corn ( Zea mays L.) yield response to both N injectors was evaluated. Four fertilization rates (67, 112, 157, and 202 kg N ha −1 of UAN [urea‐ammonium nitrate]) were used to define yield response. During seasons when rainfall was below average, neither NO 3 redistribution nor crop yield showed a response to fertilizer injection technique. During a growing season with above‐average rainfall, 26 kg ha −1 more NO 3 and 25 kg ha −1 more Br remained in the top 0.8 m of soil when LCD‐injected. LCD injection increased crop yield approximately 0.48 Mg ha −1 over injection by the conventional knife method during an above‐average rainfall season, indicating that one‐fifth of the conventional knife‐applied N was lost prior to crop uptake during the wet year. These findings suggest that the LCD injector may be effective at reducing leaching losses during growing seasons when rainfall is abundant.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Injection method did not change nitrate redistribution in below-average rainfall seasons.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- fertilizer injection techniquee0
- Outcome
- NO 3 redistributione0
- Direction
- neithere0
- Qualifier
- rainfall was below averagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During seasons when rainfall was below average, neither NO 3 redistribution nor crop yield showed a response to fertilizer injection technique”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Injection method did not change corn yield in below-average rainfall seasons.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fertilizer injection techniquee0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- neithere0
- Qualifier
- rainfall was below averagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During seasons when rainfall was below average, neither NO 3 redistribution nor crop yield showed a response to fertilizer injection technique”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
LCD injection retained 26 kg ha −1 more nitrate in the top 0.8 m in a wet season.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- LCD‐injectede0
- Outcome
- NO 3e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 26 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- top 0.8 m of soile0
- Comparator
- conventional knife injectort1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During a growing season with above‐average rainfall, 26 kg ha −1 more NO 3 and 25 kg ha −1 more Br remained in the top 0.8 m of soil when LCD‐injected”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
t1“conventional knife injector”
Claim · model-written summary
LCD injection retained 25 kg ha −1 more bromide in the top 0.8 m in a wet season.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- LCD‐injectede0
- Outcome
- Bre0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 25 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- top 0.8 m of soile0
- Comparator
- conventional knife injectort1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During a growing season with above‐average rainfall, 26 kg ha −1 more NO 3 and 25 kg ha −1 more Br remained in the top 0.8 m of soil when LCD‐injected”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
t1“conventional knife injector”
Claim · model-written summary
LCD injection increased crop yield about 0.48 Mg ha −1 over conventional knife injection in a wet season.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- LCD injectione0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- approximately 0.48 Mg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- above‐average rainfall seasone0
- Comparator
- injection by the conventional knife methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LCD injection increased crop yield approximately 0.48 Mg ha −1 over injection by the conventional knife method during an above‐average rainfall season”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors inferred one-fifth of conventional knife-applied nitrogen was lost before crop uptake in the wet year.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- conventional knife‐applied N was lost prior to crop uptakee0
- Value
- one‐fifthe0
- Qualifier
- wet yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one‐fifth of the conventional knife‐applied N was lost prior to crop uptake during the wet year”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
LCD injection may reduce leaching in high-rainfall growing seasons.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- LCD injectore0
- Outcome
- reducing leaching lossese0
- Qualifier
- when rainfall is abundante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the LCD injector may be effective at reducing leaching losses during growing seasons when rainfall is abundant”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
The same questions in other papers
application · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
574 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction · 12 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
625 papers more in this group
See all 629 papers →tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
1,095 papers more in this group
See all 1,099 papers →fertilization · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
422 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3,485 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3,904 papers more in this group
See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.