Abstract
Abstract Field studies were conducted in 1984 through 1986 to investigate the release of inorganic N to corn ( Zea mays L.) following a winter annual green manure crop of hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth) that had either been plowed down to 22 cm (conventional tillage, CT), or killed and left on the surface (no‐till, NT). Soil samples were taken regularly throughout the season at three depths (0–7.5 cm, 7.5–22 cm and 22–45 cm) and analyzed for inorganic N. Crop growth and N uptake, as well as various other plant, soil and environmental parameters were also monitored. First year data (1985) show that soil inorganic N concentration in vetch treatments was higher under CT than NT, and it was more evenly distributed throughout the plow layer. Both corn yields and N uptake, however, were significantly higher in the NT system, probably because of higher soil moisture content in a dry summer. Vetch did not stimulate significant yield increases over 0‐N control plots in either tillage system, although there was greater N uptake by corn in vetch treatments. Under NT, 29% of the original N in the above‐ground vetch biomass was measured either as soil inorganic N or corn N. Under CT, 56% of the original vetch N was measured. A repeat of the first experiment was conducted in 1986. Again, higher levels of inorganic N occurred under CT than under NT where vetch had been grown. Contrary to the results of 1985, corn yields were significantly higher in CT treatments than NT treatments at all N levels, and both corn yield and N uptake were significantly higher in vetch treatments than control treatments under both tillage systems. Maximum inorganic N levels were measured in late October in 1986, when 22% and 55% of the original vetch N was measured under NT and CT tillage systems, respectively.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
In 1985, soil inorganic N in vetch treatments was higher under conventional tillage than under no-till.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- vetch treatmentse1
- Outcome
- soil inorganic N concentratione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- NTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”
e1“soil inorganic N concentration in vetch treatments was higher under CT than NT”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1985, corn yields and N uptake were significantly higher under no-till than under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- NT systeme2
- Outcome
- corn yields and N uptakee2
- Direction
- significantly highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”
e2“Both corn yields and N uptake, however, were significantly higher in the NT system”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher corn yields and N uptake under no-till in 1985 were probably due to higher soil moisture in a dry summer.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- corn yields and N uptakee2
- Qualifier
- higher soil moisture content in a dry summere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”
e2“Both corn yields and N uptake, however, were significantly higher in the NT system”
e3“probably because of higher soil moisture content in a dry summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Vetch did not significantly increase corn yield over the 0-N control in either tillage system.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Vetche4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- did not stimulate significant yield increasese4
- Comparator
- 0‐N control plotse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”
e4“Vetch did not stimulate significant yield increases over 0‐N control plots in either tillage system”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn took up more N in vetch treatments than in control treatments in 1985.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- vetch treatmentse5
- Outcome
- N uptake by corne5
- Direction
- greatere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”
e5“there was greater N uptake by corn in vetch treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1986, higher levels of inorganic N occurred under conventional tillage than under no-till where vetch had been grown.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- CTe6
- Outcome
- levels of inorganic Ne6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- NTe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”
e6“Again, higher levels of inorganic N occurred under CT than under NT where vetch had been grown”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1986, corn yields were significantly higher under conventional tillage than under no-till at all N levels.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- CT treatmentse7
- Outcome
- corn yieldse7
- Direction
- significantly highere7
- Comparator
- NT treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”
e7“Contrary to the results of 1985, corn yields were significantly higher in CT treatments than NT treatments at all N levels”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1986, corn yield and N uptake were significantly higher in vetch treatments than in control treatments under both tillage systems.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- vetch treatmentse6
- Outcome
- corn yield and N uptakee6
- Direction
- significantly highere6
- Comparator
- control treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”
e6“both corn yield and N uptake were significantly higher in vetch treatments than control treatments under both tillage systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Under no-till in 1985, 29% of the original N in the above-ground vetch biomass was measured as soil inorganic N or corn N.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- NTe1
- Outcome
- original N in the above‐ground vetch biomasse1
- Value
- 29%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”
e1“Under NT, 29% of the original N in the above‐ground vetch biomass was measured either as soil inorganic N or corn N”
Claim · model-written summary
Under conventional tillage in 1985, 56% of the original vetch N was measured in soil or corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- CTe1
- Outcome
- original vetch Ne1
- Value
- 56%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”
e1“Under CT, 56% of the original vetch N was measured”
Claim · model-written summary
In late October 1986, 22% of the original vetch N was measured under no-till.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- NTe1
- Outcome
- original vetch Ne1
- Value
- 22%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”
e1“Maximum inorganic N levels were measured in late October in 1986, when 22% and 55% of the original vetch N was measured under NT and CT tillage systems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In late October 1986, 55% of the original vetch N was measured under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- CTe1
- Outcome
- original vetch Ne1
- Value
- 55%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”
e1“Maximum inorganic N levels were measured in late October in 1986, when 22% and 55% of the original vetch N was measured under NT and CT tillage systems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum inorganic N levels in the soil were measured in late October 1986.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- Maximum inorganic N levelse1
- Direction
- were measurede1
- Setting
- in late October in 1986e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”
e1“Maximum inorganic N levels were measured in late October in 1986, when 22% and 55% of the original vetch N was measured under NT and CT tillage systems, respectively”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
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