Abstract
Manganese (Mn) toxicity is a major constraint limiting plant growth on acidic soils. Superior Mn tolerance in Stylosanthes spp. has been well documented, but its molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, superior Mn tolerance in Stylosanthes guianensis was confirmed, as reflected by a high Mn toxicity threshold. Furthermore, genetic variation of Mn tolerance was evaluated using two S. guianensis genotypes, which revealed that the Fine-stem genotype had higher Mn tolerance than the TPRC2001-1 genotype, as exhibited through less reduction in dry weight under excess Mn, and accompanied by lower internal Mn concentrations. Interestingly, Mn-stimulated increases in malate concentrations and exudation rates were observed only in the Fine-stem genotype. Proteomic analysis of Fine-stem roots revealed that S. guianensis Malate Dehydrogenase1 (SgMDH1) accumulated in response to Mn toxicity. Western-blot and quantitative PCR analyses showed that Mn toxicity resulted in increased SgMDH1 accumulation only in Fine-stem roots, but not in TPRC2001-1. The function of SgMDH1-mediated malate synthesis was verified through in vitro biochemical analysis of SgMDH1 activities against oxaloacetate, as well as in vivo increased malate concentrations in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), soybean (Glycine max) hairy roots, and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with SgMDH1 overexpression. Furthermore, SgMDH1 overexpression conferred Mn tolerance in Arabidopsis, which was accompanied by increased malate exudation and reduced plant Mn concentrations, suggesting that secreted malate could alleviate Mn toxicity in plants. Taken together, we conclude that the superior Mn tolerance of S. guianensis is achieved by coordination of internal and external Mn detoxification through malate synthesis and exudation, which is regulated by SgMDH1 at both transcription and protein levels.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Stylosanthes guianensis had a high manganese toxicity threshold.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensis
.jpg?width=60)
Stylosanthes guianensise0 - Outcome
- high Mn toxicity thresholde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“superior Mn tolerance in Stylosanthes guianensis was confirmed, as reflected by a high Mn toxicity threshold.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine-stem had higher manganese tolerance than TPRC2001-1.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Material
- Fine-stem genotypee0
- Outcome
- Mn tolerancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- TPRC2001-1 genotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Fine-stem genotype had higher Mn tolerance than the TPRC2001-1 genotype, as exhibited through less reduction in dry weight under excess Mn, and accompanied by lower internal Mn concentrations.”
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Under excess manganese, Fine-stem showed less dry-weight reduction than TPRC2001-1.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Material
- Fine-stem genotypee0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- less reductione0
- Qualifier
- under excess Mne0
- Comparator
- TPRC2001-1 genotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Fine-stem genotype had higher Mn tolerance than the TPRC2001-1 genotype, as exhibited through less reduction in dry weight under excess Mn, and accompanied by lower internal Mn concentrations.”
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine-stem had lower internal manganese concentration than TPRC2001-1.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Material
- Fine-stem genotypee0
- Outcome
- internal Mn concentrationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- TPRC2001-1 genotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Fine-stem genotype had higher Mn tolerance than the TPRC2001-1 genotype, as exhibited through less reduction in dry weight under excess Mn, and accompanied by lower internal Mn concentrations.”
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese increased malate concentration only in Fine-stem.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Material
- Fine-stem genotypee0
- Treatment
- Mne0
- Outcome
- malate concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mn-stimulated increases in malate concentrations and exudation rates were observed only in the Fine-stem genotype.”
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese increased malate exudation rate only in Fine-stem.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Material
- Fine-stem genotypee0
- Treatment
- Mne0
- Outcome
- exudation ratese0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mn-stimulated increases in malate concentrations and exudation rates were observed only in the Fine-stem genotype.”
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
Claim · model-written summary
SgMDH1 accumulated in Fine-stem roots during manganese toxicity.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Material
- Fine-steme0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Mn toxicitye0
- Gene
- S. guianensis Malate Dehydrogenase1 (SgMDH1)e0
- Outcome
- accumulatede0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proteomic analysis of Fine-stem roots revealed that S. guianensis Malate Dehydrogenase1 (SgMDH1) accumulated in response to Mn toxicity.”
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese toxicity increased SgMDH1 accumulation in Fine-stem roots.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Material
- Fine-steme0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Mn toxicitye0
- Gene
- SgMDH1e0
- Outcome
- SgMDH1 accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mn toxicity resulted in increased SgMDH1 accumulation only in Fine-stem roots, but not in TPRC2001-1.”
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese toxicity did not increase SgMDH1 accumulation in TPRC2001-1.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Material
- TPRC2001-1e0
- Treatment
- Mn toxicitye0
- Gene
- SgMDH1e0
- Outcome
- SgMDH1 accumulatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mn toxicity resulted in increased SgMDH1 accumulation only in Fine-stem roots, but not in TPRC2001-1.”
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
Claim · model-written summary
SgMDH1 overexpression increased malate concentration in soybean hairy roots.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max)
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- hairy rootse0
- Treatment
- SgMDH1 overexpressione0
- Gene
- SgMDH1e0
- Outcome
- malate concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in vivo increased malate concentrations in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), soybean (Glycine max) hairy roots, and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with SgMDH1 overexpression.”
Claim · model-written summary
SgMDH1 overexpression increased malate concentration in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- SgMDH1 overexpressione0
- Gene
- SgMDH1e0
- Outcome
- malate concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in vivo increased malate concentrations in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), soybean (Glycine max) hairy roots, and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with SgMDH1 overexpression.”
Claim · model-written summary
SgMDH1 overexpression conferred manganese tolerance in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- SgMDH1 overexpressione0
- Gene
- SgMDH1e0
- Outcome
- Mn tolerancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SgMDH1 overexpression conferred Mn tolerance in Arabidopsis, which was accompanied by increased malate exudation and reduced plant Mn concentrations, suggesting that secreted malate could alleviate Mn toxicity in plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
SgMDH1 overexpression increased malate exudation in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- SgMDH1 overexpressione0
- Gene
- SgMDH1e0
- Outcome
- malate exudatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SgMDH1 overexpression conferred Mn tolerance in Arabidopsis, which was accompanied by increased malate exudation and reduced plant Mn concentrations, suggesting that secreted malate could alleviate Mn toxicity in plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
SgMDH1 overexpression reduced plant manganese concentration in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- SgMDH1 overexpressione0
- Gene
- SgMDH1e0
- Outcome
- plant Mn concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SgMDH1 overexpression conferred Mn tolerance in Arabidopsis, which was accompanied by increased malate exudation and reduced plant Mn concentrations, suggesting that secreted malate could alleviate Mn toxicity in plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Secreted malate was proposed to alleviate manganese toxicity in plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Compound
- secreted malatee0
- Outcome
- alleviate Mn toxicitye0
Verbatim
e0“SgMDH1 overexpression conferred Mn tolerance in Arabidopsis, which was accompanied by increased malate exudation and reduced plant Mn concentrations, suggesting that secreted malate could alleviate Mn toxicity in plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
SgMDH1-regulated malate synthesis and exudation were proposed to coordinate internal and external manganese detoxification in S. guianensis.
- Taxon
- S. guianensisStylosanthes guianensise0
- Gene
- SgMDH1e0
- Outcome
- superior Mn tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- coordination of internal and external Mn detoxification through malate synthesis and exudatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the superior Mn tolerance of S. guianensis is achieved by coordination of internal and external Mn detoxification through malate synthesis and exudation, which is regulated by SgMDH1 at both transcription and protein levels.”
The same questions in other papers
manganese atom · molecular: metabolites · Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.