Abstract
The fates of hydrophobic zein proteins, which encapsulate corn starch to create vitreous endosperm, have not been investigated in high-moisture corn (HMC). To assess influences of ensiling time and inoculation on zein proteins in HMC, quadruplicate samples of 2 random corn hybrids (A and B), containing 25.7 and 29.3% moisture, were ground, inoculated with (I) or without 600,000 cfu/g of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Milwaukee, WI), and ensiled for 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 d. Nutrient composition [crude protein (CP), starch, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber], fermentation (pH, lactate, and acetate), and protein degradation markers (buffer-soluble CP, isopropanol-soluble CP, and NH(3)-N) were evaluated. At 0 and 240 d, α, γ, δ, and β zein subunits were profiled using HPLC. Data were evaluated as a split-split plot using the PROC MIXED procedures of SAS. Ensiling time and inoculation decreased pH, and altered lactate and acetate contents of HMC. Lactate and acetate contents of A, AI, B, and BI at 240 d were 0.40, 0.32, 1.11, 0.73, and 0, 0.35, 0.30, and 0.87% of DM, respectively. Buffer-soluble CP in HMC increased from 1.5 to 2.0% of DM at 0 d to >4.0% of DM at 240 d. Inoculation had no effect on buffer-soluble CP but increased NH(3)-N content of HMC. Corn A contained more isopropanol-soluble CP than did corn B and peak areas for 6 α, and all γ and δ zein regions were greater for corn A. Ensiling (0 vs. 240 d) decreased all zein subunits with the exception of 2 α and 1 δ subunit. Ensiling decreased (42.2-73.2%) γ zeins, which are primarily responsible for cross-linking in the starch-protein matrix. Despite altering lactate and acetate contents, inoculation had no effect on degrading hydrophobic zein proteins in HMC. Data suggest that hydrophobic zein proteins in the starch-protein matrix of HMC are degraded by proteolytic activity over an extended ensiling time.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ensiling time and inoculation decreased high-moisture corn pH.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- Ensiling time and inoculatione0
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ensiling time and inoculation decreased pH”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Ensiling time and inoculation altered lactate and acetate contents.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Ensiling time and inoculatione0
- Outcome
- lactate and acetate contentse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ensiling time and inoculation decreased pH, and altered lactate and acetate contents of HMC”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Buffer-soluble crude protein increased during ensiling.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 240 de0
- Outcome
- Buffer-soluble CPe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- >4.0% of DMe0
- Qualifier
- 1.5 to 2.0% of DMe0
- Comparator
- 0 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buffer-soluble CP in HMC increased from 1.5 to 2.0% of DM at 0 d to >4.0% of DM at 240 d”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation did not change buffer-soluble crude protein.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Outcome
- buffer-soluble CPe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation had no effect on buffer-soluble CP”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased ammonia nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Outcome
- NH(3)-N contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation had no effect on buffer-soluble CP but increased NH(3)-N content of HMC”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn A had more isopropanol-soluble crude protein than corn B.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- Corn Ae0
- Outcome
- isopropanol-soluble CPe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- corn Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn A contained more isopropanol-soluble CP than did corn B”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Peak areas for six alpha and all gamma and delta zein regions were greater in corn A.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- corn Ae0
- Outcome
- peak areas for 6 α, and all γ and δ zein regionse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peak areas for 6 α, and all γ and δ zein regions were greater for corn A”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Ensiling decreased most zein subunits.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Ensilinge0
- Outcome
- zein subunitse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- with the exception of 2 α and 1 δ subunite0
- Comparator
- 0 vs. 240 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ensiling (0 vs. 240 d) decreased all zein subunits with the exception of 2 α and 1 δ subunit”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Ensiling decreased gamma zeins by 42.2–73.2%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Ensilinge0
- Outcome
- γ zeinse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 42.2-73.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ensiling decreased (42.2-73.2%) γ zeins”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation did not affect degradation of hydrophobic zein proteins.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- degrading hydrophobic zein proteinse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation had no effect on degrading hydrophobic zein proteins in HMC”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The data suggest hydrophobic zeins degrade through proteolysis over extended ensiling.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- hydrophobic zein proteinse0
- Qualifier
- proteolytic activity over an extended ensiling timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrophobic zein proteins in the starch-protein matrix of HMC are degraded by proteolytic activity over an extended ensiling time”
t0“corn”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.