Abstract
We examined the nature of protein bodies affected by nitrogen application in developing rice endosperm using scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Protein body type II, Pb-II, was observed at the first week after heading independent of nitrogen application, whereas protein body type I, Pb-I, was not observed in either the low nitrogen or non-fertilized group. However, in the high nitrogen group, Pb-I was also observed at 1 week after heading. Pb-I was formed by enlargement of endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, but Pb-II had a close relationship with the Golgi apparatus and was accumulated in the envelope-like vacuole. The smallest protein body, Pb-III, about 0.6-0.8 μm in diameter, appeared at 2 weeks after heading, and the amounts of this protein body increased substantially at 3 weeks after heading. This protein body also originated from endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. Pb-I was observed only in cytoplasm, but, Pb-II appeared in both the endoplasmic reticulum and envelope-like vacuole. The amount of protein bodies in the rice endosperm cell varied with the cultivar and amount of nitrogen applied. In cv. Koshihikari (Japonica), the application of much nitrogen increased the amount of protein bodies not only in the subaleurone, but even in the fifth layer from the aleurone layer. However, in cv. Belle patna (Indica), the application of much nitrogen increased the amount of protein bodies up to the sixth ayer of aleurone layer, and caused the accumulation of a few protein bodies even in the central part of endosperm. It was concluded that storage protein transported by Golgi vesicles and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) plays an important role in the accumulation of reserve substances in rice seed. Development of mitochondria and RER was enhanced by the application of nitrogen.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Pb-II appeared one week after heading irrespective of nitrogen application.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- first week after headinge0
- Outcome
- Pb-II, was observed at the first week after headinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein body type II, Pb-II, was observed at the first week after heading independent of nitrogen application”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb-I was absent in low-nitrogen and non-fertilized rice at one week after heading.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low nitrogen or non-fertilized groupe0
- Outcome
- Pb-I, was not observede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein body type I, Pb-I, was not observed in either the low nitrogen or non-fertilized group”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb-I appeared at one week after heading in the high-nitrogen group.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high nitrogen groupe0
- Outcome
- Pb-I was also observed at 1 week after headinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the high nitrogen group, Pb-I was also observed at 1 week after heading”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb-I formed by enlargement of endoplasmic reticulum cisternae.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Pb-I was formede0
- Qualifier
- enlargement of endoplasmic reticulum cisternaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb-I was formed by enlargement of endoplasmic reticulum cisternae”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb-II was associated with the Golgi apparatus and accumulated in an envelope-like vacuole.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Pb-II had a close relationship with the Golgi apparatus and was accumulated in the envelope-like vacuolee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb-II had a close relationship with the Golgi apparatus and was accumulated in the envelope-like vacuole”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb-III appeared two weeks after heading and measured about 0.6-0.8 μm.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- 2 weeks after headinge0
- Outcome
- Pb-IIIe0
- Value
- 0.6-0.8 μme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb-III, about 0.6-0.8 μm in diameter, appeared at 2 weeks after heading”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb-III amount increased substantially three weeks after heading.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- 3 weeks after headinge0
- Outcome
- amounts of this protein bodye0
- Direction
- increased substantiallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amounts of this protein body increased substantially at 3 weeks after heading”
e1“smallest protein body, Pb-III”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb-III originated from endoplasmic reticulum cisternae.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- This protein bodye0
- Qualifier
- endoplasmic reticulum cisternaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This protein body also originated from endoplasmic reticulum cisternae”
e1“smallest protein body, Pb-III”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb-I occurred only in rice cytoplasm.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Pb-I was observed only in cytoplasme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb-I was observed only in cytoplasm”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb-II appeared in both the endoplasmic reticulum and envelope-like vacuole.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Pb-II appeared in both the endoplasmic reticulum and envelope-like vacuolee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb-II appeared in both the endoplasmic reticulum and envelope-like vacuole”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice endosperm protein-body amount varied with cultivar and nitrogen amount.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Organ / stage
- rice endosperm celle0
- Treatment
- amount of nitrogen appliede0
- Outcome
- amount of protein bodiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amount of protein bodies in the rice endosperm cell varied with the cultivar and amount of nitrogen applied”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased Koshihikari protein bodies through the fifth aleurone layer.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- cv. Koshihikarie0
- Organ / stage
- fifth layer from the aleurone layere0
- Treatment
- application of much nitrogene0
- Outcome
- amount of protein bodiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In cv. Koshihikari (Japonica), the application of much nitrogen increased the amount of protein bodies not only in the subaleurone, but even in the fifth layer from the aleurone layer”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased Belle patna protein bodies through the sixth aleurone layer.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- cv. Belle patnae0
- Organ / stage
- sixth ayer of aleurone layere0
- Treatment
- application of much nitrogene0
- Outcome
- amount of protein bodiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in cv. Belle patna (Indica), the application of much nitrogen increased the amount of protein bodies up to the sixth ayer of aleurone layer”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen caused some protein bodies to accumulate in central Belle patna endosperm.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- cv. Belle patnae0
- Organ / stage
- central part of endosperme0
- Treatment
- application of much nitrogene0
- Outcome
- accumulation of a few protein bodiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in cv. Belle patna (Indica), the application of much nitrogen increased the amount of protein bodies up to the sixth ayer of aleurone layer, and caused the accumulation of a few protein bodies even in the central part of endosperm”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Golgi-vesicle- and RER-transported storage protein was interpreted to support reserve accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- accumulation of reserve substancese0
- Qualifier
- storage protein transported by Golgi vesicles and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“storage protein transported by Golgi vesicles and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) plays an important role in the accumulation of reserve substances in rice seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application enhanced rice mitochondrial development.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- Development of mitochondriae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Development of mitochondria and RER was enhanced by the application of nitrogen”
t0“Rice Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application enhanced rice RER development.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- RERe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Development of mitochondria and RER was enhanced by the application of nitrogen”
t0“Rice Seed”
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