Abstract
Abstract In order to evaluate the beneficial effect of deep placement of coated urea fertilizer on soybean plant (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Enrei) cultivation, a field experiment was conducted with three fertilizer N treatments: control, conventional basal dressing of 16 kg N ha-1 as ammonium sulfate; basal deep placement of 100 kg N ha-1 as 100 d type coated urea; and top dressing of 100 kg N ha-1 as 70 d type coated urea just before the flowering stage. The seasonal variation in the N2 fixation activity by the nodules and N absorption rates by roots were estimated by the determination of the relative ureide-N abundance in the root bleeding xylem sap by calculating the increase in total N accumulation. The N recovery rate from fertilizers was measured by the 15N tracer method. The N recovery rate in the plants with deep placement of coated urea was about 62%, and much higher than that of the plants with top dressing of coated urea (33%) at the R7 stage. Top dressing treatment depressed the N2 fixation activity during the maturing stage and the N absorption rate was higher than that of the control plants. On the other hand, deep placement of coated urea did not depress the N2 fixation activity throughout the growth stages until maturity, though N from fertilizer was actively absorbed. Consequently, the plants with deep placement of coated urea accumulated more N both from N2 fixation and N absorption than the plants with control and top dressing treatments. Seed yield was higher in the deep placement (592 g m-2) compared with the control (480 g m-2) and the top dressing (531 g m-2) treatments. The basal deep placement of coated urea for soybean cultivation appears to be beneficial by supplementing soybean N without concomitant depression of N2 fixation, and by increasing the seed yield. High recovery rate of fertilizer N is also desirable from the economical and ecological view points.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement gave about 62% fertilizer N recovery, above top dressing at 33%, at R7.
- Taxon
- soybean plant
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- R7 stagee1
- Treatment
- deep placement of coated ureae1
- Outcome
- N recovery ratee1
- Direction
- much highere1
- Value
- 62%e1
- Qualifier
- 33%e1
- Comparator
- top dressing of coated ureae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean plant (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Enrei)”
e1“The N recovery rate in the plants with deep placement of coated urea was about 62%, and much higher than that of the plants with top dressing of coated urea (33%) at the R7 stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Top dressing depressed soybean N2 fixation during maturation.
- Taxon
- soybean plantGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- maturing stagee1
- Treatment
- Top dressing treatmente1
- Outcome
- N2 fixation activitye1
- Direction
- depressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean plant (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Enrei)”
e1“Top dressing treatment depressed the N2 fixation activity during the maturing stage and the N absorption rate was higher than that of the control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Top dressing raised N absorption rate relative to controls.
- Taxon
- soybean plantGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Top dressing treatmente1
- Outcome
- N absorption ratee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean plant (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Enrei)”
e1“Top dressing treatment depressed the N2 fixation activity during the maturing stage and the N absorption rate was higher than that of the control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement did not depress N2 fixation through maturity.
- Taxon
- soybean plantGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- deep placement of coated ureae1
- Outcome
- N2 fixation activitye1
- Direction
- did not depresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean plant (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Enrei)”
e1“deep placement of coated urea did not depress the N2 fixation activity throughout the growth stages until maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean actively absorbed fertilizer N with deep placement.
- Taxon
- soybean plantGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- N from fertilizer was actively absorbede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean plant (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Enrei)”
e1“though N from fertilizer was actively absorbed”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement increased accumulated N from N2 fixation relative to control and top dressing.
- Taxon
- soybean plantGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- deep placement of coated ureae1
- Outcome
- N both from N2 fixatione1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- control and top dressing treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean plant (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Enrei)”
e1“the plants with deep placement of coated urea accumulated more N both from N2 fixation and N absorption than the plants with control and top dressing treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement increased accumulated N from absorption relative to control and top dressing.
- Taxon
- soybean plantGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- deep placement of coated ureae1
- Outcome
- N absorptione1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- control and top dressing treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean plant (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Enrei)”
e1“the plants with deep placement of coated urea accumulated more N both from N2 fixation and N absorption than the plants with control and top dressing treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement produced 592 g m-2 seed yield versus 480 and 531 g m-2 for control and top dressing.
- Taxon
- soybean plantGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- deep placemente1
- Outcome
- Seed yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 592 g m-2e1
- Qualifier
- 480 g m-2e1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean plant (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Enrei)”
e1“Seed yield was higher in the deep placement (592 g m-2) compared with the control (480 g m-2) and the top dressing (531 g m-2) treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend basal deep placement of coated urea for soybean production.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- basal deep placement of coated urea for soybean cultivatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean plant (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Enrei)”
e1“The basal deep placement of coated urea for soybean cultivation appears to be beneficial by supplementing soybean N without concomitant depression of N2 fixation, and by increasing the seed yield.”
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