Abstract
Summary Phosphorus deficiency is a very common problem in the acid soil of central China. Previous research has shown that starter N and N topdressing at the flowering stage (Rl) increased soybean (Glycine max) yield and N 2 fixation (Gan et al , 1997, 2000). However, there is little information available concerning soybean response to P‐fertiliser in soybean production in central China (Gan, 1999). A field experiment was conducted to investigate the response to P (0 kg P ha −1 , 22 kg P ha −1 , 44 kg P ha −1 before sowing) and N fertiliser application (N1: 0 kg N ha −1 , N2: 25 kg N ha −1 before sowing, N3: N2 + 50 kg N ha −1 at the V2 stage and N4: N2 + 50 kg N ha −1 at the R1 stage) on growth, yield and N 2 fixation of soybean. Both N and P fertiliser increased growth and seed yield of soybean ( P < 0.01). Application of basal P fertiliser at 22 kg P ha −1 or 44 kg P ha −1 increased total N accumulation by 11% and 10% ( P < 0.01) and seed yield by 12% and 13% ( P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the zero P treatment. Although application of starter N at 25 kg N ha −1 had no positive effect on seed yield at any P level ( P > 0.05), an application of a topdressing of 50 kg N ha −1 at the V2 or R1 stage increased total N accumulation by 11% and 14% ( P < 0.01) and seed yield by 16% and 21% ( P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the zero N treatment. Soybean plants were grown on sterilised Perlite in the greenhouse experiment to study the physiological response to different concentrations of phosphate (P1: 0 mM; P2: 0.05 mM; P3: 0.5 mM; P4:1.0 mN) and nitrate (N1: 0 mM with inoculation, N2: 20 mM with inoculation). The result confirmed that N and P nutrients both had positive effects on growth, nodulation and yield ( P < 0.01). The relative importance of growth parameters that contributed to the larger biomass with N and P fertilisation was in decreasing order: (i) total leaf area, (ii) individual leaf area, (iii) shoot/root ratio, (iv) leaf area ratio and (v) specific leaf area. The yield increase at N and P supply was mainly associated with more seeds and a larger pod number per plant, which confirmed the result from the field experiment.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer increased soybean growth and seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- N and P fertilisere0
- Outcome
- growth and seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both N and P fertiliser increased growth and seed yield of soybean ( P < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal P at 22 kg P per hectare increased total N accumulation by 11%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- basal P fertiliser at 22 kg P ha −1e0
- Outcome
- total N accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Comparator
- zero P treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of basal P fertiliser at 22 kg P ha −1 or 44 kg P ha −1 increased total N accumulation by 11% and 10% ( P < 0.01) and seed yield by 12% and 13% ( P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the zero P treatment”
e1“soybean (Glycine max) Wuyin9”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal P at 44 kg P per hectare increased total N accumulation by 10%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 44 kg P ha −1e0
- Outcome
- total N accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- zero P treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of basal P fertiliser at 22 kg P ha −1 or 44 kg P ha −1 increased total N accumulation by 11% and 10% ( P < 0.01) and seed yield by 12% and 13% ( P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the zero P treatment”
e1“soybean (Glycine max) Wuyin9”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal P at 22 kg P per hectare increased seed yield by 12%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- basal P fertiliser at 22 kg P ha −1e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Comparator
- zero P treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of basal P fertiliser at 22 kg P ha −1 or 44 kg P ha −1 increased total N accumulation by 11% and 10% ( P < 0.01) and seed yield by 12% and 13% ( P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the zero P treatment”
e1“soybean (Glycine max) Wuyin9”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal P at 44 kg P per hectare increased seed yield by 13%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 44 kg P ha −1e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Comparator
- zero P treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of basal P fertiliser at 22 kg P ha −1 or 44 kg P ha −1 increased total N accumulation by 11% and 10% ( P < 0.01) and seed yield by 12% and 13% ( P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the zero P treatment”
e1“soybean (Glycine max) Wuyin9”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter N at 25 kg N per hectare showed no positive seed yield effect at any P level.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- starter N at 25 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- no positive effecte0
- Qualifier
- at any P levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of starter N at 25 kg N ha −1 had no positive effect on seed yield at any P level ( P > 0.05)”
e1“soybean (Glycine max) Wuyin9”
Claim · model-written summary
V2 nitrogen topdressing increased total N accumulation by 11%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- topdressing of 50 kg N ha −1 at the V2e0
- Outcome
- total N accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Comparator
- zero N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an application of a topdressing of 50 kg N ha −1 at the V2 or R1 stage increased total N accumulation by 11% and 14% ( P < 0.01) and seed yield by 16% and 21% ( P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the zero N treatment”
e1“soybean (Glycine max) Wuyin9”
Claim · model-written summary
R1 nitrogen topdressing increased total N accumulation by 14%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 50 kg N ha −1 at the V2 or R1 stagee0
- Outcome
- total N accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14%e0
- Comparator
- zero N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an application of a topdressing of 50 kg N ha −1 at the V2 or R1 stage increased total N accumulation by 11% and 14% ( P < 0.01) and seed yield by 16% and 21% ( P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the zero N treatment”
e1“soybean (Glycine max) Wuyin9”
Claim · model-written summary
V2 nitrogen topdressing increased seed yield by 16%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- topdressing of 50 kg N ha −1 at the V2e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Comparator
- zero N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an application of a topdressing of 50 kg N ha −1 at the V2 or R1 stage increased total N accumulation by 11% and 14% ( P < 0.01) and seed yield by 16% and 21% ( P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the zero N treatment”
e1“soybean (Glycine max) Wuyin9”
Claim · model-written summary
R1 nitrogen topdressing increased seed yield by 21%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 50 kg N ha −1 at the V2 or R1 stagee0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Comparator
- zero N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an application of a topdressing of 50 kg N ha −1 at the V2 or R1 stage increased total N accumulation by 11% and 14% ( P < 0.01) and seed yield by 16% and 21% ( P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the zero N treatment”
e1“soybean (Glycine max) Wuyin9”
Claim · model-written summary
Total leaf area contributed most to greater biomass with N and P fertilizer, followed by individual leaf area and shoot root ratio.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- relative importance of growth parameterse0
- Qualifier
- total leaf area, (ii) individual leaf area, (iii) shoot/root ratio, (iv) leaf area ratio and (v) specific leaf areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative importance of growth parameters that contributed to the larger biomass with N and P fertilisation was in decreasing order: (i) total leaf area, (ii) individual leaf area, (iii) shoot/root ratio, (iv) leaf area ratio and (v) specific leaf area”
e1“soybean (Glycine max) Wuyin9”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increase with N and P supply was associated with more seeds and pods per plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- N and P supplye0
- Outcome
- yield increasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- more seeds and a larger pod number per plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield increase at N and P supply was mainly associated with more seeds and a larger pod number per plant”
e1“soybean (Glycine max) Wuyin9”
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