Abstract
SIZ1 is a SUMO E3 ligase that facilitates conjugation of SUMO to protein substrates. siz1-2 and siz1-3 T-DNA insertion alleles that caused freezing and chilling sensitivities were complemented genetically by expressing SIZ1, indicating that the SIZ1 is a controller of low temperature adaptation in plants. Cold-induced expression of CBF/DREB1, particularly of CBF3/DREB1A, and of the regulon genes was repressed by siz1. siz1 did not affect expression of ICE1, which encodes a MYC transcription factor that is a controller of CBF3/DREB1A. A K393R substitution in ICE1 [ICE1(K393R)] blocked SIZ1-mediated sumoylation in vitro and in protoplasts identifying the K393 residue as the principal site of SUMO conjugation. SIZ1-dependent sumoylation of ICE1 in protoplasts was moderately induced by cold. Sumoylation of recombinant ICE1 reduced polyubiquitination of the protein in vitro. ICE1(K393R) expression in wild-type plants repressed cold-induced CBF3/DREB1A expression and increased freezing sensitivity. Furthermore, expression of ICE1(K393R) induced transcript accumulation of MYB15, which encodes a MYB transcription factor that is a negative regulator of CBF/DREB1. SIZ1-dependent sumoylation of ICE1 may activate and/or stabilize the protein, facilitating expression of CBF3/DREB1A and repression of MYB15, leading to low temperature tolerance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The siz1-2 and siz1-3 alleles caused freezing and chilling sensitivity, which SIZ1 expression complemented.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- siz1-2 and siz1-3e0
- Treatment
- expressing SIZ1e0
- Gene
- SIZ1e0
- Outcome
- freezing and chilling sensitivitiese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“siz1-2 and siz1-3 T-DNA insertion alleles that caused freezing and chilling sensitivities were complemented genetically by expressing SIZ1”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
siz1 repressed cold-induced CBF/DREB1 and regulon gene expression, especially CBF3/DREB1A.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- siz1e0
- Gene
- CBF3/DREB1Ae0
- Outcome
- Cold-induced expression of CBF/DREB1, particularly of CBF3/DREB1A, and of the regulon genese0
- Direction
- repressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold-induced expression of CBF/DREB1, particularly of CBF3/DREB1A, and of the regulon genes was repressed by siz1”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
siz1 did not affect ICE1 expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- siz1e0
- Gene
- ICE1e0
- Outcome
- expression of ICE1e0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“siz1 did not affect expression of ICE1”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
ICE1 K393R blocked SIZ1-mediated sumoylation in vitro and in protoplasts, identifying K393 as the principal SUMO conjugation site.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- K393R substitution in ICE1e0
- Gene
- ICE1(K393R)e0
- Outcome
- SIZ1-mediated sumoylatione0
- Direction
- blockede0
- Setting
- in vitro and in protoplastse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A K393R substitution in ICE1 [ICE1(K393R)] blocked SIZ1-mediated sumoylation in vitro and in protoplasts identifying the K393 residue as the principal site of SUMO conjugation”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold moderately induced SIZ1-dependent ICE1 sumoylation in protoplasts.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- colde0
- Gene
- ICE1e0
- Outcome
- SIZ1-dependent sumoylation of ICE1e0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Setting
- protoplastse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SIZ1-dependent sumoylation of ICE1 in protoplasts was moderately induced by cold”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Sumoylation reduced polyubiquitination of recombinant ICE1 in vitro.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Sumoylatione0
- Gene
- ICE1e0
- Outcome
- polyubiquitination of the proteine0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sumoylation of recombinant ICE1 reduced polyubiquitination of the protein in vitro”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
ICE1(K393R) expression repressed cold-induced CBF3/DREB1A expression in wild-type plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ICE1(K393R) expressione0
- Gene
- ICE1(K393R)e0
- Outcome
- cold-induced CBF3/DREB1A expressione0
- Direction
- repressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ICE1(K393R) expression in wild-type plants repressed cold-induced CBF3/DREB1A expression”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
ICE1(K393R) expression increased freezing sensitivity in wild-type plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ICE1(K393R) expressione0
- Gene
- ICE1(K393R)e0
- Outcome
- freezing sensitivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ICE1(K393R) expression in wild-type plants repressed cold-induced CBF3/DREB1A expression and increased freezing sensitivity”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
ICE1(K393R) expression induced MYB15 transcript accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- expression of ICE1(K393R)e0
- Gene
- MYB15e0
- Outcome
- transcript accumulation of MYB15e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of ICE1(K393R) induced transcript accumulation of MYB15”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that SIZ1-dependent ICE1 sumoylation activates or stabilizes ICE1, enabling CBF3/DREB1A expression and MYB15 repression and leading to low-temperature tolerance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- ICE1e0
- Outcome
- low temperature tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- may activate and/or stabilize the proteine0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SIZ1-dependent sumoylation of ICE1 may activate and/or stabilize the protein, facilitating expression of CBF3/DREB1A and repression of MYB15, leading to low temperature tolerance”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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