Abstract
In a greenhouse experiment, the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) and water stress [100% field capacity (FC), 75% FC, 50% FC and 25% FC] on maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and some other ecophysiological characteristics of two pistachio cultivar (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand and Pistacia vera cv. Qazvini) were investigated.No difference was found in colonization rate between the two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) applied. Water stress reduced the mycorrhizal colonization in both cultivars at the same rate but the difference was significant just with severe water stress level (25% FC). The Fv/Fm was also adversely affected by water stress from 75% FC downwards in Qazvini cultivar while in Badami, increase in water-stress intensity had no significant effect on this parameter. Gasexchange parameters were decreased with increasing stress intensity and chlorophyll (Chl) pigments were increased with mild water stress (75% FC) compared with control (100% FC) and then decreased with increasing stress intensity. The carotenoids (Car) content increased significantly in the stressed leaves in all water-stress levels irrespective of AMF treatment and cultivar type.The adverse effects of water stress were significantly reduced by AM inoculation and in the most of measured parameters, both AMF had an equal influence except with the intercellular CO2 concentration (C i), where G. intraradices was superior. Results obtained from Chl fluorescence probe indicated that inoculated AMF enhanced photochemical efficiency of light reactions of the PSII in intact pistachio leaf tissues both under irrigation and waterstress conditions. Under mild and moderate water stress, mycorrhizal pistachio plants had higher relative Chl and Car content and higher gas-exchange capacity (increased photosynthesis and transpiration rate) but under severe water-stress condition (25% FC), the effects of mycorrhizal treatments were not noticeable. Data obtained in present study emphasized that Qazvini is more tolerant to water stress than Badami because photosynthesis activity in Qazvini was more efficiently protected than in the Badami, as indicated by related parameters.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization rate did not differ between Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in pistachio.
- Taxon
- pistachio
Pistacia verat0 - Interactor
- Glomus mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Second interactor
- Glomus intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonization ratee1
- Setting
- greenhouse experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e0“In a greenhouse experiment, the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) and water stress”
e1“No difference was found in colonization rate between the two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced mycorrhizal colonization of pistachio, significantly only at 25 % field capacity.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Treatment
- Water stresse2
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonizatione2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- significant just with severe water stress level (25% FC)e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e2“Water stress reduced the mycorrhizal colonization in both cultivars at the same rate but the difference was significant just with severe water stress level (25% FC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress from 75 % field capacity downwards adversely affected Fv/Fm in the Qazvini pistachio cultivar.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Material
- Qazvinie3
- Treatment
- water stress from 75% FC downwardse3
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme3
- Direction
- adversely affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e3“The Fv/Fm was also adversely affected by water stress from 75% FC downwards in Qazvini cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
In the Badami pistachio cultivar, increasing water-stress intensity had no significant effect on Fv/Fm.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Material
- Badamie4
- Treatment
- increase in water-stress intensitye4
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e3“The Fv/Fm was also adversely affected by water stress from 75% FC downwards in Qazvini cultivar”
e4“in Badami, increase in water-stress intensity had no significant effect on this parameter”
Claim · model-written summary
Gas-exchange parameters of pistachio decreased with increasing water-stress intensity.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Treatment
- increasing stress intensitye5
- Outcome
- Gasexchange parameterse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e5“Gasexchange parameters were decreased with increasing stress intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll pigments of pistachio increased under mild water stress (75 % FC) compared with control (100 % FC).
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Treatment
- mild water stress (75% FC)e6
- Outcome
- chlorophyll (Chl) pigmentse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- control (100% FC)e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e6“chlorophyll (Chl) pigments were increased with mild water stress (75% FC) compared with control (100% FC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll pigments of pistachio decreased with increasing stress intensity.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Treatment
- increasing stress intensitye7
- Outcome
- chlorophyll (Chl) pigmentse6
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e6“chlorophyll (Chl) pigments were increased with mild water stress (75% FC) compared with control (100% FC)”
e7“and then decreased with increasing stress intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoid content of pistachio increased significantly in stressed leaves at all water-stress levels, irrespective of AMF treatment.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Organ / stage
- stressed leavese1
- Treatment
- water-stress levelse1
- Outcome
- carotenoids (Car) contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e1“The carotenoids (Car) content increased significantly in the stressed leaves in all water-stress levels irrespective of AMF treatment and cultivar type”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation significantly reduced the adverse effects of water stress on pistachio.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMe1symbiont
- Outcome
- adverse effects of water stresse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e1“The adverse effects of water stress were significantly reduced by AM inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had an equal influence on most measured parameters of pistachio.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- measured parameterse1
- Direction
- equal influencee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e1“in the most of measured parameters, both AMF had an equal influence”
Claim · model-written summary
Glomus intraradices was superior to the other fungus in intercellular CO2 concentration of pistachio.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Interactor
- G. intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese1symbiont
- Outcome
- intercellular CO2 concentration (C i)e1
- Direction
- superiore1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e1“the intercellular CO2 concentration (C i), where G. intraradices was superior”
Claim · model-written summary
Under mild and moderate water stress, mycorrhizal pistachio plants had higher relative chlorophyll and carotenoid content.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Treatment
- mild and moderate water stresse1
- Outcome
- relative Chl and Car contente1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e1“Under mild and moderate water stress, mycorrhizal pistachio plants had higher relative Chl and Car content”
Claim · model-written summary
Under mild and moderate water stress, mycorrhizal pistachio plants had higher gas-exchange capacity.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Treatment
- mild and moderate water stresse1
- Outcome
- gas-exchange capacitye2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- increased photosynthesis and transpiration ratee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e1“Under mild and moderate water stress, mycorrhizal pistachio plants had higher relative Chl and Car content”
e2“higher gas-exchange capacity (increased photosynthesis and transpiration rate)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe water stress (25 % field capacity), the effects of mycorrhizal treatments on pistachio were not noticeable.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Treatment
- severe water-stress condition (25% FC)e1
- Outcome
- effects of mycorrhizal treatmentse1
- Direction
- not noticeablee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e1“under severe water-stress condition (25% FC), the effects of mycorrhizal treatments were not noticeable”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated AMF enhanced photochemical efficiency of PSII in intact pistachio leaf tissues under irrigation and water stress.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Organ / stage
- intact pistachio leaf tissuese1
- Treatment
- inoculated AMFe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiency of light reactions of the PSIIe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e1“inoculated AMF enhanced photochemical efficiency of light reactions of the PSII in intact pistachio leaf tissues both under irrigation and waterstress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Qazvini pistachio is more tolerant to water stress than Badami.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Material
- Qazvinie1
- Outcome
- tolerant to water stresse1
- Direction
- more tolerante1
- Comparator
- Badamie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e1“Data obtained in present study emphasized that Qazvini is more tolerant to water stress than Badami”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis activity in Qazvini was more efficiently protected than in Badami, which may explain its greater tolerance.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Material
- Qazvinie1
- Outcome
- photosynthesis activitye1
- Qualifier
- more efficiently protectede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pistachio plants”
e1“because photosynthesis activity in Qazvini was more efficiently protected than in the Badami”
The same questions in other papers
drought · molecular: metabolites · Pistacia vera (pistachio)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
drought · physiology: gas exchange · Pistacia vera (pistachio)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
mycorrhiza · physiology: photosynthesis · Pistacia vera (pistachio)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
drought · physiology: photosynthesis · Pistacia vera (pistachio)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.