Abstract
Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), which produce a systemic non-necrotizing infection in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rutgers), strongly induced the accumulation of a phenolic compound that we have characterized as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (gentisic acid, GA) by nuclear magnetic resonance, following purification by high-performance liquid chromatography. Levels of free and total GA increased more than 150-fold in response to CEVd and ToMV infections. Unlike these non-necrotizing infections, the necrotizing reaction elicited by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in this host did not produce any accumulation of GA. It is also shown that, in healthy leaf tissues, benzoic acid (BA) and salicylic acid (SA) were rapidly converted to GA, SA being the immediate precursor of GA, according to radiolabeling studies. Interestingly, exogenous GA elicited accumulation of the previously described CEVd-induced antifungal pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins P23, P32, and P34. These proteins were not induced by exogenous SA, which is able to elicit other CEVd-induced PR proteins in tomato. These results suggest that GA acts as a pathogeninduced signal, additional to SA, for activation of plant defense genes in tomato.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
CEVd and ToMV infections induced gentisic acid accumulation in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rutgerse0
- Treatment
- Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)e0
- Interactor
- Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd)
Citrus exocortis viroide0pathogen - Second interactor
- tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)
Tomato mosaic viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- accumulation of a phenolic compounde0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), which produce a systemic non-necrotizing infection in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rutgers), strongly induced the accumulation of a phenolic compound that we have characterized as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (gentisic acid, GA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Free and total gentisic acid increased more than 150-fold after viral infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CEVd and ToMV infectionse0
- Interactor
- CEVde0pathogen
- Second interactor
- ToMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- Levels of free and total GAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- more than 150-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Levels of free and total GA increased more than 150-fold in response to CEVd and ToMV infections”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas syringae infection did not cause gentisic acid accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringaee0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- accumulation of GAe0
- Direction
- did not producee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in this host did not produce any accumulation of GA”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Healthy leaves rapidly converted benzoic acid and salicylic acid to gentisic acid.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuese0
- Compound
- benzoic acid (BA) and salicylic acid (SA)e0
- Outcome
- rapidly converted to GAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in healthy leaf tissues, benzoic acid (BA) and salicylic acid (SA) were rapidly converted to GA”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid was the immediate precursor of gentisic acid.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- SAe0
- Outcome
- GAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA being the immediate precursor of GA, according to radiolabeling studies”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous gentisic acid induced P23, P32 and P34 accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous GAe0
- Gene
- P23, P32, and P34e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of the previously described CEVd-induced antifungal pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins P23, P32, and P34e0
- Direction
- elicitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GA elicited accumulation of the previously described CEVd-induced antifungal pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins P23, P32, and P34”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous salicylic acid did not induce those proteins.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe0
- Outcome
- These proteinse0
- Direction
- not inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These proteins were not induced by exogenous SA”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Gentisic acid was proposed as an additional pathogen-induced signal for tomato defense gene activation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Compound
- GAe0
- Outcome
- activation of plant defense genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA acts as a pathogeninduced signal, additional to SA, for activation of plant defense genes in tomato”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
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See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.