Abstract
Excised soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) cv Anoka leaf discs tend to remain green even after the corresponding intact leaves have turned yello on fruiting plants. We have found that explants which include a leaf along with a stem segment (below the node) and one or more pods (maintained on distilled H(2)O) show similar but accelerated leaf yellowing and abscission compared with intact plants. In podded explants excised at pre-podfill, the leaves begin to yellow after 16 days, whereas those excised at late podfill begin to yellow after only 6 days. Although stomatal resistances remain low during the first light period after excision, they subsequently increase to levels above those in leaves of intact plants. Explants taken at mid to late podfill with one or more pods per node behave like intact plants in that pod load does not affect the time lag to leaf yellowing. Explant leaf yellowing and abscission are delayed by removal of the pods or seeds or by incubation in complete mineral nutrient solution or in 4.6 micromolar zeatin. Like chorophyll breakdown, protein loss is accelerated in the explants, but minerals or especially zeatin can retard the loss. Pods on explants show rates and patterns of color change (green to yellow to brown) similar to those of pods on intact plants. These changes start earlier in explants on water than in intact plants, but they can be delayed by adding zeatin. Seed dry weight increased in explants, almost as much as in intact plants. Explants appear to be good analogs of the corresponding parts of the intact plant, and they should prove useful for analyzing pod development and mechanisms of foliar senescence. Moreover, our data suggest that the flux of minerals and cytokinin from the roots could influence foliar senescence in soybeans, but increased stomatal resistance does not seem to cause foliar senescence.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Excised soybean leaf discs remained green after corresponding intact leaves yellowed.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- Anokae0
- Organ / stage
- leaf discse0
- Outcome
- remain greene0
- Comparator
- corresponding intact leavese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excised soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) cv Anoka leaf discs tend to remain green even after the corresponding intact leaves have turned yello on fruiting plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Podded explants yellowed and abscised faster than intact plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- leaf yellowing and abscissione0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
- Comparator
- intact plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“explants which include a leaf along with a stem segment (below the node) and one or more pods (maintained on distilled H(2)O) show similar but accelerated leaf yellowing and abscission compared with intact plants.”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of pre-podfill podded explants began yellowing after 16 days.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- pre-podfille0
- Outcome
- leaves begin to yellowe0
- Value
- 16 dayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In podded explants excised at pre-podfill, the leaves begin to yellow after 16 days, whereas those excised at late podfill begin to yellow after only 6 days.”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of late-podfill podded explants began yellowing after 6 days.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- late podfille0
- Outcome
- begin to yellowe0
- Value
- 6 dayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those excised at late podfill begin to yellow after only 6 days.”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal resistance increased after the first light period to above intact-leaf levels.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- stomatal resistancese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- leaves of intact plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although stomatal resistances remain low during the first light period after excision, they subsequently increase to levels above those in leaves of intact plants.”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod load did not affect the time lag to leaf yellowing in mid- to late-podfill explants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- mid to late podfille0
- Outcome
- time lag to leaf yellowinge0
- Direction
- does not affecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Explants taken at mid to late podfill with one or more pods per node behave like intact plants in that pod load does not affect the time lag to leaf yellowing.”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing pods delayed explant leaf yellowing and abscission.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- removal of the podse0
- Outcome
- leaf yellowing and abscissione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Explant leaf yellowing and abscission are delayed by removal of the pods or seeds or by incubation in complete mineral nutrient solution or in 4.6 micromolar zeatin.”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing seeds delayed explant leaf yellowing and abscission.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- removal of the pods or seedse0
- Outcome
- leaf yellowing and abscissione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Explant leaf yellowing and abscission are delayed by removal of the pods or seeds or by incubation in complete mineral nutrient solution or in 4.6 micromolar zeatin.”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete mineral nutrient solution delayed explant leaf yellowing and abscission.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- complete mineral nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- leaf yellowing and abscissione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Explant leaf yellowing and abscission are delayed by removal of the pods or seeds or by incubation in complete mineral nutrient solution or in 4.6 micromolar zeatin.”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin delayed explant leaf yellowing and abscission.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 4.6 micromolar zeatine0
- Outcome
- leaf yellowing and abscissione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Explant leaf yellowing and abscission are delayed by removal of the pods or seeds or by incubation in complete mineral nutrient solution or in 4.6 micromolar zeatin.”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein loss accelerated in explants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- protein losse0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Like chorophyll breakdown, protein loss is accelerated in the explants, but minerals or especially zeatin can retard the loss.”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Minerals retarded protein loss in explants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mineralse0
- Outcome
- protein losse1
- Direction
- retarde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minerals or especially zeatin can retard the loss.”
e1“protein loss is accelerated in the explants”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin retarded protein loss in explants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- zeatine0
- Outcome
- protein losse1
- Direction
- retarde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minerals or especially zeatin can retard the loss.”
e1“protein loss is accelerated in the explants”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod color-change patterns on explants resembled those on intact plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- rates and patterns of color changee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- pods on intact plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pods on explants show rates and patterns of color change (green to yellow to brown) similar to those of pods on intact plants.”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod color changes began earlier in explants on water than intact plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- color changee1
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- intact plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These changes start earlier in explants on water than in intact plants, but they can be delayed by adding zeatin.”
e1“Pods on explants show rates and patterns of color change”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin delayed pod color changes.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- adding zeatine0
- Outcome
- color changee1
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These changes start earlier in explants on water than in intact plants, but they can be delayed by adding zeatin.”
e1“Pods on explants show rates and patterns of color change”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed dry weight increased in explants almost as much as in intact plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Seed dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- intact plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed dry weight increased in explants, almost as much as in intact plants.”
t0“Soybean Explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer root-derived minerals and cytokinin could affect soybean foliar senescence.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Compound
- cytokinine0
- Outcome
- foliar senescencee0
- Qualifier
- flux of minerals and cytokinin from the rootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“our data suggest that the flux of minerals and cytokinin from the roots could influence foliar senescence in soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer increased stomatal resistance does not cause foliar senescence.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- foliar senescencee0
- Qualifier
- increased stomatal resistancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased stomatal resistance does not seem to cause foliar senescence.”
t0“Soybean Explants”
The same questions in other papers
zeatin · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
zeatin · quality: postharvest · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
mineral nutrient · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.