Abstract
Under conditions of controlled pH, nitrate and ammonium are equally effective in supporting the growth of young soybean (Glycine max var. Bansei) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. var., Mammoth Russian) plans. Soybean contains an active nitrate reductase in roots and leaves, but the low specific activity of this enzyme in sunflower leaves indicates a dependency upon the roots for nitrate reduction. Suppression of nitrate reductase activity in sunflower leaves may be due to high concentrations of ammonia received from the roots. Nitrate reductase activity in leaves of nitrate-supplied soybean and sunflower follows closely the distribution of nitrate reductase. For the roots of both species, glutamic acid dehydrogenase activity was greater with ammonium than with nitrate. The glutamic acid dehydrogenase of ammonium roots is wholly NADH-dependent, whereas that of nitrate roots is active with NADH and NADPH. In leaves, an NADPH-dependent glutamic acid dehydrogenase appears to be responsible for the assimilation of translocated ammonia and ammonia formed by nitrate reduction.In soybean roots ammonia is actively incorporated into amides, much of which remains in the roots. Sunflower roots are less active in amide formation but transfer much of it, together with ammonia, into the shoots. Glutamine synthetase activity in leaves is 20- to 40-fold lower than in roots.Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity appears to be correlated with the activity of the nitrate reducing system in roots, but not in leaves.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate and ammonium supported young soybean growth equally at controlled pH.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- Glycine max var. Banseie0
- Treatment
- nitrate and ammoniume0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- equally effectivee0
- Comparator
- nitrate and ammoniume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrate and ammonium are equally effective in supporting the growth of young soybean (Glycine max var. Bansei) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. var., Mammoth Russian) plans”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate and ammonium supported young sunflower growth equally at controlled pH.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Material
- Helianthus annuus L. var., Mammoth Russiane0
- Treatment
- nitrate and ammoniume0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- equally effectivee0
- Comparator
- nitrate and ammoniume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrate and ammonium are equally effective in supporting the growth of young soybean (Glycine max var. Bansei) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. var., Mammoth Russian) plans”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean had active nitrate reductase in roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Gene
- nitrate reductasee0
- Outcome
- active nitrate reductasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean contains an active nitrate reductase in roots and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrate reductase activity in sunflower leaves indicated dependence on roots for nitrate reduction.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- sunflower leavese0
- Outcome
- low specific activitye0
- Qualifier
- dependency upon the roots for nitrate reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the low specific activity of this enzyme in sunflower leaves indicates a dependency upon the roots for nitrate reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf nitrate reductase activity tracked nitrate reductase distribution in nitrate-supplied soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- nitrate-suppliede0
- Gene
- Nitrate reductasee0
- Outcome
- Nitrate reductase activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate reductase activity in leaves of nitrate-supplied soybean and sunflower follows closely the distribution of nitrate reductase”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf nitrate reductase activity tracked nitrate reductase distribution in nitrate-supplied sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- nitrate-suppliede0
- Gene
- Nitrate reductasee0
- Outcome
- Nitrate reductase activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate reductase activity in leaves of nitrate-supplied soybean and sunflower follows closely the distribution of nitrate reductase”
Claim · model-written summary
Root glutamic acid dehydrogenase activity was greater under ammonium than nitrate in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- ammoniume0
- Gene
- glutamic acid dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- glutamic acid dehydrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- nitratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the roots of both species, glutamic acid dehydrogenase activity was greater with ammonium than with nitrate”
t0“Soybean and Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Root glutamic acid dehydrogenase activity was greater under ammonium than nitrate in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- ammoniume0
- Gene
- glutamic acid dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- glutamic acid dehydrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- nitratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the roots of both species, glutamic acid dehydrogenase activity was greater with ammonium than with nitrate”
t0“Soybean and Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Root glutamic acid dehydrogenase was NADH-dependent under ammonium and active with NADH and NADPH under nitrate in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- glutamic acid dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- wholly NADH-dependent, whereas that of nitrate roots is active with NADH and NADPHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The glutamic acid dehydrogenase of ammonium roots is wholly NADH-dependent, whereas that of nitrate roots is active with NADH and NADPH”
t0“Soybean and Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Root glutamic acid dehydrogenase was NADH-dependent under ammonium and active with NADH and NADPH under nitrate in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- glutamic acid dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- wholly NADH-dependent, whereas that of nitrate roots is active with NADH and NADPHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The glutamic acid dehydrogenase of ammonium roots is wholly NADH-dependent, whereas that of nitrate roots is active with NADH and NADPH”
t0“Soybean and Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
NADPH-dependent glutamic acid dehydrogenase appeared to assimilate leaf ammonia in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Gene
- glutamic acid dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- assimilation of translocated ammonia and ammonia formed by nitrate reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In leaves, an NADPH-dependent glutamic acid dehydrogenase appears to be responsible for the assimilation of translocated ammonia and ammonia formed by nitrate reduction”
t0“Soybean and Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
NADPH-dependent glutamic acid dehydrogenase appeared to assimilate leaf ammonia in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Gene
- glutamic acid dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- assimilation of translocated ammonia and ammonia formed by nitrate reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In leaves, an NADPH-dependent glutamic acid dehydrogenase appears to be responsible for the assimilation of translocated ammonia and ammonia formed by nitrate reduction”
t0“Soybean and Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean roots incorporated ammonia into amides, much of which remained there.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- ammonia is actively incorporated into amides, much of which remains in the rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In soybean roots ammonia is actively incorporated into amides, much of which remains in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower roots formed fewer amides but transferred much of the amides and ammonia to shoots.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- less active in amide formation but transfer much of it, together with ammonia, into the shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower roots are less active in amide formation but transfer much of it, together with ammonia, into the shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf glutamine synthetase activity was 20- to 40-fold lower than root activity in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Gene
- Glutamine synthetasee0
- Outcome
- Glutamine synthetase activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 20- to 40-folde0
- Comparator
- rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glutamine synthetase activity in leaves is 20- to 40-fold lower than in roots”
t0“Soybean and Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf glutamine synthetase activity was 20- to 40-fold lower than root activity in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Gene
- Glutamine synthetasee0
- Outcome
- Glutamine synthetase activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 20- to 40-folde0
- Comparator
- rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glutamine synthetase activity in leaves is 20- to 40-fold lower than in roots”
t0“Soybean and Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity correlated with root nitrate reduction but not leaf nitrate reduction in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity appears to be correlated with the activity of the nitrate reducing system in roots, but not in leaves”
t0“Soybean and Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity correlated with root nitrate reduction but not leaf nitrate reduction in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity appears to be correlated with the activity of the nitrate reducing system in roots, but not in leaves”
t0“Soybean and Sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 63 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
72 papers more in this group
See all 76 papers →nitrogen · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 117 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
149 papers more in this group
See all 153 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.