Abstract
Abstract A pot experiment conducted in a growth chamber studied the effectiveness of foliar fertilization of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), with different forms of nitrogen applied with the air temperatures: 5°C, 15°C and 25°C. Nitrogen was supplied three times in the form of 1% water solutions of CO(NH 2 ) 2 , NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 HCO 3 and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 × 4 H 2 O, with water as the control. The obtained results showed that nitrogen in the form of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 × 4 H 2 O - independent of the air temperature during solution application - is the least useful in foliar fertilization of spinach leaves, whereas the effectiveness of the other forms was similar, although the best effects were given by NH 4 NO 3 . Application of all forms of nitrogen at the air temperature of 25°C had the most positive effect on the course of gas exchange (stomatal conductivity, photosynthesis, transpiration). Despite that, the highest leaf yield with the highest content of nitrogen, total chlorophyll (a + b), carotenoids and vitamin C, and the lowest content of nitrates, was given by plants with foliar application of all nitrogen forms at the temperature of 15°C.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate was the least useful nitrogen form at all application temperatures.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Treatment
- Ca(NO 3 ) 2 × 4 H 2 Oe0
- Outcome
- least usefule0
- Direction
- least usefule0
- Qualifier
- independent of the air temperaturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen in the form of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 × 4 H 2 O - independent of the air temperature during solution application - is the least useful in foliar fertilization of spinach leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate gave the best effects among the remaining forms.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- NH 4 NO 3e0
- Outcome
- best effectse0
- Direction
- beste0
- Comparator
- other formse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effectiveness of the other forms was similar, although the best effects were given by NH 4 NO 3”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying nitrogen at 25°C most improved stomatal conductivity, photosynthesis and transpiration.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- all forms of nitrogen at the air temperature of 25°Ce0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductivity, photosynthesis, transpiratione0
- Direction
- most positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of all forms of nitrogen at the air temperature of 25°C had the most positive effect on the course of gas exchange (stomatal conductivity, photosynthesis, transpiration)”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying nitrogen at 15°C gave the highest spinach leaf yield.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of all nitrogen forms at the temperature of 15°Ce0
- Outcome
- leaf yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest leaf yield with the highest content of nitrogen, total chlorophyll (a + b), carotenoids and vitamin C, and the lowest content of nitrates, was given by plants with foliar application of all nitrogen forms at the temperature of 15°C”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application at 15°C gave the highest leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll, carotenoids and vitamin C.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of all nitrogen forms at the temperature of 15°Ce0
- Outcome
- content of nitrogen, total chlorophyll (a + b), carotenoids and vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest leaf yield with the highest content of nitrogen, total chlorophyll (a + b), carotenoids and vitamin C, and the lowest content of nitrates, was given by plants with foliar application of all nitrogen forms at the temperature of 15°C”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application at 15°C gave the lowest nitrate content.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of all nitrogen forms at the temperature of 15°Ce0
- Outcome
- content of nitratese0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest content of nitrates, was given by plants with foliar application of all nitrogen forms at the temperature of 15°C”
t0“spinach”
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