Abstract
Ethylene has been regarded as a stress hormone to regulate myriad stress responses. Salinity stress is one of the most serious abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and development. But how ethylene signaling is involved in plant response to salt stress is poorly understood. Here we showed that Arabidopsis plants pretreated with ethylene exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt stress. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that EIN3 (ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3) and EIL1 (EIN3-LIKE 1), two ethylene-activated transcription factors, are necessary and sufficient for the enhanced salt tolerance. High salinity induced the accumulation of EIN3/EIL1 proteins by promoting the proteasomal degradation of two EIN3/EIL1-targeting F-box proteins, EBF1 and EBF2, in an EIN2-independent manner. Whole-genome transcriptome analysis identified a list of SIED (Salt-Induced and EIN3/EIL1-Dependent) genes that participate in salt stress responses, including several genes encoding reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. We performed a genetic screen for ein3 eil1-like salt-hypersensitive mutants and identified 5 EIN3 direct target genes including a previously unknown gene, SIED1 (At5g22270), which encodes a 93-amino acid polypeptide involved in ROS dismissal. We also found that activation of EIN3 increased peroxidase (POD) activity through the direct transcriptional regulation of PODs expression. Accordingly, ethylene pretreatment or EIN3 activation was able to preclude excess ROS accumulation and increased tolerance to salt stress. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the molecular action of ethylene signaling to enhance plant salt tolerance, and elucidates the transcriptional network of EIN3 in salt stress response.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene pretreatment enhanced salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- pretreated with ethylenee0
- Outcome
- tolerance to salt stresse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis plants pretreated with ethylene exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
EIN3 and EIL1 were necessary and sufficient for enhanced salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- EIN3 (ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3) and EIL1 (EIN3-LIKE 1)e0
- Outcome
- enhanced salt tolerancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EIN3 (ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3) and EIL1 (EIN3-LIKE 1), two ethylene-activated transcription factors, are necessary and sufficient for the enhanced salt tolerance.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity accumulated EIN3/EIL1 proteins through degradation of EBF1 and EBF2, independently of EIN2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- High salinitye0
- Gene
- EIN3/EIL1 proteinse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of EIN3/EIL1 proteinse0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- proteasomal degradation of two EIN3/EIL1-targeting F-box proteins, EBF1 and EBF2, in an EIN2-independent mannere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High salinity induced the accumulation of EIN3/EIL1 proteins by promoting the proteasomal degradation of two EIN3/EIL1-targeting F-box proteins, EBF1 and EBF2, in an EIN2-independent manner.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptome analysis identified salt-induced EIN3/EIL1-dependent stress response genes including ROS scavengers.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SIED (Salt-Induced and EIN3/EIL1-Dependent) genese0
- Outcome
- genes that participate in salt stress responsese0
Not reportedComparatorDirectionValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whole-genome transcriptome analysis identified a list of SIED (Salt-Induced and EIN3/EIL1-Dependent) genes that participate in salt stress responses, including several genes encoding reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
A genetic screen identified five EIN3 direct target genes including SIED1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SIED1 (At5g22270)e0
- Outcome
- EIN3 direct target genese0
- Value
- 5e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified 5 EIN3 direct target genes including a previously unknown gene, SIED1 (At5g22270), which encodes a 93-amino acid polypeptide involved in ROS dismissal.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
SIED1 encodes a 93-amino acid polypeptide involved in ROS dismissal.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SIED1 (At5g22270)e0
- Outcome
- polypeptide involved in ROS dismissale0
- Value
- 93-amino acide0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SIED1 (At5g22270), which encodes a 93-amino acid polypeptide involved in ROS dismissal.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
EIN3 activation increased peroxidase activity through direct transcriptional regulation of POD expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- EIN3e0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- direct transcriptional regulation of PODs expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activation of EIN3 increased peroxidase (POD) activity through the direct transcriptional regulation of PODs expression.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene pretreatment precluded excess ROS accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ethylene pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- ROS accumulatione0
- Direction
- precludee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene pretreatment or EIN3 activation was able to preclude excess ROS accumulation and increased tolerance to salt stress.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
EIN3 activation precluded excess ROS accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- EIN3 activatione0
- Gene
- EIN3e0
- Outcome
- ROS accumulatione0
- Direction
- precludee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene pretreatment or EIN3 activation was able to preclude excess ROS accumulation and increased tolerance to salt stress.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
EIN3 activation increased salt stress tolerance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- EIN3 activatione0
- Gene
- EIN3e0
- Outcome
- tolerance to salt stresse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene pretreatment or EIN3 activation was able to preclude excess ROS accumulation and increased tolerance to salt stress.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.