Abstract
In a free-air carbon dioxide (CO(2)) enrichment study (BangorFACE), Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula and Fagus sylvatica were planted in areas of one-, two- and three-species mixtures (n = 4). The trees were exposed to ambient or elevated CO(2) (580 μmol mol(-1)) for 4 yr, and aboveground growth characteristics were measured. In monoculture, the mean effect of CO(2) enrichment on aboveground woody biomass was + 29, + 22 and + 16% for A. glutinosa, F. sylvatica and B. pendula, respectively. When the same species were grown in polyculture, the response to CO(2) switched to + 10, + 7 and 0% for A. glutinosa, B. pendula and F. sylvatica, respectively. In ambient atmosphere, our species grown in polyculture increased aboveground woody biomass from 12.9 ± 1.4 to 18.9 ± 1.0 kg m(-2), whereas, in an elevated CO(2) atmosphere, aboveground woody biomass increased from 15.2 ± 0.6 to 20.2 ± 0.6 kg m(-2). The overyielding effect of polyculture was smaller (+ 7%) in elevated CO(2) than in an ambient atmosphere (+ 18%). Our results show that the aboveground response to elevated CO(2) is affected significantly by intra- and interspecific competition, and that the elevated CO(2) response may be reduced in forest communities comprising tree species with contrasting functional traits.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
In monoculture, elevated CO2 raised Alnus glutinosa woody biomass by 29%.
- Taxon
- A. glutinosa
.jpg?width=60)
Alnus glutinosae0 - Treatment
- CO(2) enrichmente0
- Outcome
- aboveground woody biomasse0
- Direction
- effecte0
- Value
- + 29e0
- Comparator
- ambiente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In monoculture, the mean effect of CO(2) enrichment on aboveground woody biomass was + 29, + 22 and + 16% for A. glutinosa, F. sylvatica and B. pendula, respectively.”
e1“Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula and Fagus sylvatica”
e2“ambient or elevated CO(2)”
Claim · model-written summary
In monoculture, elevated CO2 raised Fagus sylvatica woody biomass by 22%.
- Taxon
- F. sylvatica
Fagus sylvaticae0 - Treatment
- CO(2) enrichmente0
- Outcome
- aboveground woody biomasse0
- Value
- + 22e0
- Comparator
- ambiente1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In monoculture, the mean effect of CO(2) enrichment on aboveground woody biomass was + 29, + 22 and + 16% for A. glutinosa, F. sylvatica and B. pendula, respectively.”
e1“ambient or elevated CO(2)”
Claim · model-written summary
In monoculture, elevated CO2 raised Betula pendula woody biomass by 16%.
- Taxon
- B. pendula
Betula pendulae0 - Treatment
- CO(2) enrichmente0
- Outcome
- aboveground woody biomasse0
- Value
- + 16%e0
- Comparator
- ambiente1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In monoculture, the mean effect of CO(2) enrichment on aboveground woody biomass was + 29, + 22 and + 16% for A. glutinosa, F. sylvatica and B. pendula, respectively.”
e1“ambient or elevated CO(2)”
Claim · model-written summary
In polyculture, Alnus glutinosa biomass response to CO2 was 10%.
- Taxon
- A. glutinosaAlnus glutinosae0
- Treatment
- CO(2)e0
- Outcome
- aboveground woody biomasse1
- Value
- + 10e0
- Comparator
- ambiente2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the same species were grown in polyculture, the response to CO(2) switched to + 10, + 7 and 0% for A. glutinosa, B. pendula and F. sylvatica, respectively.”
e1“aboveground woody biomass was + 29”
e2“ambient or elevated CO(2)”
Claim · model-written summary
In polyculture, Betula pendula biomass response to CO2 was 7%.
- Taxon
- B. pendulaBetula pendulae0
- Treatment
- CO(2)e0
- Outcome
- aboveground woody biomasse1
- Value
- + 7e0
- Comparator
- ambiente2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the same species were grown in polyculture, the response to CO(2) switched to + 10, + 7 and 0% for A. glutinosa, B. pendula and F. sylvatica, respectively.”
e1“aboveground woody biomass was + 29”
e2“ambient or elevated CO(2)”
Claim · model-written summary
In polyculture, Fagus sylvatica biomass response to CO2 was 0%.
- Taxon
- F. sylvaticaFagus sylvaticae0
- Treatment
- CO(2)e0
- Outcome
- aboveground woody biomasse1
- Value
- 0%e0
- Comparator
- ambiente2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the same species were grown in polyculture, the response to CO(2) switched to + 10, + 7 and 0% for A. glutinosa, B. pendula and F. sylvatica, respectively.”
e1“aboveground woody biomass was + 29”
e2“ambient or elevated CO(2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Species mixtures increased aboveground biomass in ambient atmosphere.
- Taxon
- speciese0
- Treatment
- polyculturee0
- Outcome
- aboveground woody biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18.9 ± 1.0 kg m(-2)e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In ambient atmosphere, our species grown in polyculture increased aboveground woody biomass from 12.9 ± 1.4 to 18.9 ± 1.0 kg m(-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Species mixtures increased aboveground biomass under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- treese1
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2) atmospheree0
- Outcome
- aboveground woody biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.2 ± 0.6 kg m(-2)e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“in an elevated CO(2) atmosphere, aboveground woody biomass increased from 15.2 ± 0.6 to 20.2 ± 0.6 kg m(-2)”
e1“The trees were exposed”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyculture overyielding was smaller under elevated CO2 than ambient CO2.
Verbatim
e0“The overyielding effect of polyculture was smaller (+ 7%) in elevated CO(2) than in an ambient atmosphere (+ 18%).”
e1“The trees were exposed”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Betula pendula (white birch)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 6 papers →co2 · growth · Fagus sylvatica (European beech)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →co2 · growth · Alnus glutinosaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.