Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play key roles in plant immunity. However, the regulatory mechanisms of the production of these radicals are not fully understood. Hypersensitive response (HR) cell death requires the simultaneous and balanced production of NO and ROS. In this study we indentified NbRibA encoding a bifunctional enzyme, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase II/3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase, which participates in the biosynthesis of flavin, by screening genes related to mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated cell death, using virus-induced gene silencing. Levels of endogenous riboflavin and its derivatives, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are important prosthetic groups for several enzymes participating in redox reactions, decreased in NbRibA-silenced Nicotiana benthamiana. Silencing NbRibA compromised not only HR cell death, but also the NO and ROS production induced by INF1 elicitin and a constitutively active form of NbMEK2 (NbMEK2DD), and also induced high susceptibility to oomycete Phytophthora infestans and ascomycete Colletotrichum orbiculare. Compromised radical production and HR cell death induced by INF1 in NbRibA-silenced leaves were rescued by adding riboflavin, FMN or FAD. These results indicate that flavin biosynthesis participates in regulating NO and ROS production, and HR cell death.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
NbRibA was identified as a bifunctional flavin-biosynthesis enzyme.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae1 - Gene
- NbRibAe0
- Outcome
- bifunctional enzymee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we indentified NbRibA encoding a bifunctional enzyme, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase II/3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase, which participates in the biosynthesis of flavin”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Riboflavin, FMN and FAD levels declined after NbRibA silencing.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- NbRibA-silencede0
- Gene
- NbRibAe0
- Outcome
- Levels of endogenous riboflavin and its derivatives, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Levels of endogenous riboflavin and its derivatives, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are important prosthetic groups for several enzymes participating in redox reactions, decreased in NbRibA-silenced Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRibA silencing compromised hypersensitive-response cell death.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Silencing NbRibAe0
- Gene
- NbRibAe0
- Outcome
- HR cell deathe0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing NbRibA compromised not only HR cell death”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRibA silencing compromised NO and ROS production induced by INF1 and NbMEK2DD.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Silencing NbRibAe0
- Gene
- NbRibAe0
- Outcome
- NO and ROS productione0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing NbRibA compromised not only HR cell death, but also the NO and ROS production induced by INF1 elicitin and a constitutively active form of NbMEK2 (NbMEK2DD)”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRibA silencing increased susceptibility to Phytophthora infestans.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Silencing NbRibAe0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanse0pathogen - Outcome
- susceptibility to oomycete Phytophthora infestanse0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing NbRibA compromised not only HR cell death, but also the NO and ROS production induced by INF1 elicitin and a constitutively active form of NbMEK2 (NbMEK2DD), and also induced high susceptibility to oomycete Phytophthora infestans and ascomycete Colletotrichum orbiculare”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRibA silencing increased susceptibility to Colletotrichum orbiculare.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Silencing NbRibAe2
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum orbiculare
Colletotrichum orbicularee0pathogen - Outcome
- susceptibility to oomycete Phytophthora infestans and ascomycete Colletotrichum orbicularee0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induced high susceptibility to oomycete Phytophthora infestans and ascomycete Colletotrichum orbiculare”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e2“Silencing NbRibA”
Claim · model-written summary
Added riboflavin rescued radical production and HR cell death in NbRibA-silenced leaves.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- adding riboflavine0
- Outcome
- radical production and HR cell deathe0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compromised radical production and HR cell death induced by INF1 in NbRibA-silenced leaves were rescued by adding riboflavin, FMN or FAD”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Added FMN rescued radical production and HR cell death in NbRibA-silenced leaves.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- FMNe0
- Outcome
- radical production and HR cell deathe0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compromised radical production and HR cell death induced by INF1 in NbRibA-silenced leaves were rescued by adding riboflavin, FMN or FAD”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Added FAD rescued radical production and HR cell death in NbRibA-silenced leaves.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- FADe0
- Outcome
- radical production and HR cell deathe0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compromised radical production and HR cell death induced by INF1 in NbRibA-silenced leaves were rescued by adding riboflavin, FMN or FAD”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
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See all 143 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.