Abstract
The response of improved pastures to the application of superphosphate is low on the acid sedimentary soils, of the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, which contain high levels of exchangeable aluminium. An investigation was made into the effect of surface-applied fertilizers on soil pH and on the establishment and growth of lucerne and phalaris on these soils. At 6 weeks after the application of gypsum, superphosphate, or superphosphate plus potassium sulfate, soil pH (H2O) had decreased markedly. This effect extended to a depth of 20 cm, but decreased with time. Initially, lime application increased the pH of the surface soil only. When superphosphate was applied with lime the pH of the soil under the lime layer decreased to the same level as that found in the soil treated with superphosphate alone. Lime, however, had penetrated into the subsoil 102 weeks after application and substantially more so after 13 years. Soil pH (0.01 M CaCl2) was not depressed by the application of fertilizers. Growth and persistence of both species in the first summer were poor, but growth responses to phosphorus, lime and nitrogen increased after the first year. Lucerne showed large growth responses to lime, greater than those found on plots receiving nitrogen fertilizer. Lime reduced aluminium levels both in lucerne plants and in soil. It is suggested that the slow penetration of lime into the soil, the relatively quick effect of superphosphate in increasing subsoil acidity, and high soil aluminium levels are together responsible for the poor persistence and slow growth of both lucerne and phalaris in the early stages. The subsequent large dry matter responses of lucerne to lime are possibly related to increased nitrogen fixation and a lowering of plant and soil aluminium levels. It is suggested that the lime responses of phalaris are also related to lower aluminium levels.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum decreased soil pH at six weeks, reaching 20 cm, with the effect weakening over time.
- Taxon
- phalaris and lucerne
Medicago sativa
Phalarist0 - Treatment
- gypsume0
- Outcome
- soil pH (H2O)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- depth of 20 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 6 weeks after the application of gypsum, superphosphate, or superphosphate plus potassium sulfate, soil pH (H2O) had decreased markedly. This effect extended to a depth of 20 cm, but decreased with time.”
t0“phalaris and lucerne”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate decreased soil pH at six weeks, reaching 20 cm, with the effect weakening over time.
- Taxon
- phalaris and lucerneMedicago sativaPhalarist0
- Treatment
- superphosphatee0
- Outcome
- soil pH (H2O)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- depth of 20 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 6 weeks after the application of gypsum, superphosphate, or superphosphate plus potassium sulfate, soil pH (H2O) had decreased markedly. This effect extended to a depth of 20 cm, but decreased with time.”
t0“phalaris and lucerne”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate plus potassium sulfate decreased soil pH at six weeks, reaching 20 cm, with the effect weakening over time.
- Taxon
- phalaris and lucerneMedicago sativaPhalarist0
- Treatment
- superphosphate plus potassium sulfatee0
- Outcome
- soil pH (H2O)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 6 weeks after the application of gypsum, superphosphate, or superphosphate plus potassium sulfate, soil pH (H2O) had decreased markedly. This effect extended to a depth of 20 cm, but decreased with time.”
t0“phalaris and lucerne”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime initially raised pH only in surface soil.
- Taxon
- phalaris and lucerneMedicago sativaPhalarist0
- Treatment
- lime applicatione0
- Outcome
- pH of the surface soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Initially, lime application increased the pH of the surface soil only.”
t0“phalaris and lucerne”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate with lime lowered pH below the lime layer to the level under superphosphate alone.
- Taxon
- phalaris and lucerneMedicago sativaPhalarist0
- Treatment
- superphosphate was applied with limee0
- Outcome
- pH of the soil under the lime layere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- superphosphate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When superphosphate was applied with lime the pH of the soil under the lime layer decreased to the same level as that found in the soil treated with superphosphate alone.”
t0“phalaris and lucerne”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime reached subsoil by 102 weeks and penetrated more after 13 years.
- Taxon
- phalaris and lucerneMedicago sativaPhalarist0
- Outcome
- penetrated into the subsoile0
- Direction
- substantially moree0
- Qualifier
- after 13 yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lime, however, had penetrated into the subsoil 102 weeks after application and substantially more so after 13 years.”
t0“phalaris and lucerne”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizers did not depress soil pH measured in calcium chloride.
- Taxon
- phalaris and lucerneMedicago sativaPhalarist0
- Treatment
- application of fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Soil pH (0.01 M CaCl2)e0
- Direction
- not depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil pH (0.01 M CaCl2) was not depressed by the application of fertilizers.”
t0“phalaris and lucerne”
Claim · model-written summary
Both species grew and persisted poorly in the first summer.
- Taxon
- phalaris and lucerneMedicago sativaPhalarist0
- Outcome
- Growth and persistencee0
- Qualifier
- first summere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth and persistence of both species in the first summer were poor”
t0“phalaris and lucerne”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth response to phosphorus increased after the first year.
- Taxon
- phalaris and lucerneMedicago sativaPhalarist0
- Treatment
- phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- growth responsese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after the first yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth responses to phosphorus, lime and nitrogen increased after the first year.”
t0“phalaris and lucerne”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth response to lime increased after the first year.
- Taxon
- phalaris and lucerneMedicago sativaPhalarist0
- Treatment
- limee0
- Outcome
- growth responsese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after the first yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth responses to phosphorus, lime and nitrogen increased after the first year.”
t0“phalaris and lucerne”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth response to nitrogen increased after the first year.
- Taxon
- phalaris and lucerneMedicago sativaPhalarist0
- Treatment
- nitrogene0
- Outcome
- growth responsese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after the first yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth responses to phosphorus, lime and nitrogen increased after the first year.”
t0“phalaris and lucerne”
Claim · model-written summary
Lucerne growth response to lime exceeded that to nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- LucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- limee0
- Outcome
- growth responsese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- nitrogen fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lucerne showed large growth responses to lime, greater than those found on plots receiving nitrogen fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime reduced aluminium levels in lucerne plants.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Limee0
- Outcome
- aluminium levels both in lucerne plantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lime reduced aluminium levels both in lucerne plants and in soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime reduced soil aluminium levels.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Limee0
- Outcome
- aluminium levels both in lucerne plants and in soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lime reduced aluminium levels both in lucerne plants and in soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attribute poor early persistence and growth to slow lime penetration, rapid superphosphate acidification and high aluminium.
Verbatim
e0“It is suggested that the slow penetration of lime into the soil, the relatively quick effect of superphosphate in increasing subsoil acidity, and high soil aluminium levels are together responsible for the poor persistence and slow growth of both lucerne and phalaris in the early stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest lucerne dry matter response to lime may involve increased nitrogen fixation and lower plant and soil aluminium.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- limee0
- Outcome
- large dry matter responsese0
- Qualifier
- increased nitrogen fixation and a lowering of plant and soil aluminium levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The subsequent large dry matter responses of lucerne to lime are possibly related to increased nitrogen fixation and a lowering of plant and soil aluminium levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest lower aluminium levels contribute to phalaris response to lime.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is suggested that the lime responses of phalaris are also related to lower aluminium levels.”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
36 papers more in this group
See all 40 papers →phosphorus · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →fertilization · soil: chemistry · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →lime · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →lime · nutrient: content · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →lime · growth · PhalarisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
phosphorus · growth · PhalarisResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.