Abstract
Abstract Shattercane [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and second generation European corn borer (ECB) [ Ostrinia nubililis (Hubner)] are pests that singly or in combination reduce corn ( Zea maize L.) production in the northcentral regions of the USA. Shattercane reduces corn growth and yield because it competes effectively with corn for light and water. Second generation ECB larvae, in tunneling through the vascular system, apparently affect yield by disrupting water and photosynthate movements. Pest models may be linked to physiological models for assessing the effects of pest stresses on corn growth and yield. CERES‐Maize and CORNF corn growth models were chosen to test accuracy and consistency in predicting corn growth and yield parameters. The objectives were to evaluate corn growth models to which pest models could be attached and to test the sensitivity of the selected model to variations in light and water. Simulated leaf area index; vegetative, grain, and total biomass; and yield components were compared to measured data. CERES‐Maize modified for leaf growth and phenology computations (VO/SAT) gave more accurate predictions of date of silking (bias = 1 d) than CORNF (bias = 6 d) or original version CERES‐Maize (bias = −5 d). Accurate estimation of phenology is important because the severity of yield reduction from ECB infestation is dependent on the stage of growth. Sensitivity of VO/SAT to reductions in light and water inputs was tested by simulating combinations of light and water levels ranging from 50 to 100% of actual. A 50% reduction in light resulted in average reductions of 26% in yield, 16% in kernel weight, 16% in kernel number, and 20% in leaf area index. Similarly, a 50% reduction in precipitation resulted in average reductions of 47% in yield, 51% in kernel weight, 1% in kernel number, and 1% in leaf area index. The combination model showed adequate sensitivity to light and water, and thus could be modified to mimic weed competition.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The VO/SAT corn model predicted silking date more accurately than CORNF, with a bias of 1 d.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Outcome
- predictions of date of silkinge1
- Direction
- more accuratee1
- Value
- bias = 1 de1
- Comparator
- CORNFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduce corn ( Zea maize L.) production”
e1“gave more accurate predictions of date of silking (bias = 1 d) than CORNF (bias = 6 d)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50% reduction in light reduced simulated corn yield by 26% relative to actual conditions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 50% reduction in lighte2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- reductionse2
- Value
- 26%e2
- Comparator
- actuale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A 50% reduction in light resulted in average reductions of 26% in yield, 16% in kernel weight, 16% in kernel number, and 20% in leaf area index”
e4“ranging from 50 to 100% of actual”
e0“reduce corn ( Zea maize L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50% reduction in light reduced simulated corn kernel weight by 16% relative to actual conditions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 50% reduction in lighte2
- Outcome
- kernel weighte2
- Direction
- reductionse2
- Value
- 16%e2
- Comparator
- actuale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A 50% reduction in light resulted in average reductions of 26% in yield, 16% in kernel weight, 16% in kernel number, and 20% in leaf area index”
e4“ranging from 50 to 100% of actual”
e0“reduce corn ( Zea maize L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50% reduction in light reduced simulated corn kernel number by 16% relative to actual conditions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 50% reduction in lighte2
- Outcome
- kernel numbere2
- Direction
- reductionse2
- Value
- 16%e2
- Comparator
- actuale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A 50% reduction in light resulted in average reductions of 26% in yield, 16% in kernel weight, 16% in kernel number, and 20% in leaf area index”
e4“ranging from 50 to 100% of actual”
e0“reduce corn ( Zea maize L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50% reduction in light reduced simulated leaf area index by 20% relative to actual conditions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 50% reduction in lighte2
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe2
- Direction
- reductionse2
- Value
- 20%e2
- Comparator
- actuale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A 50% reduction in light resulted in average reductions of 26% in yield, 16% in kernel weight, 16% in kernel number, and 20% in leaf area index”
e4“ranging from 50 to 100% of actual”
e0“reduce corn ( Zea maize L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50% reduction in precipitation reduced simulated corn yield by 47% relative to actual conditions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 50% reduction in precipitatione3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- reductionse3
- Value
- 47%e3
- Comparator
- actuale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“A 50% reduction in precipitation resulted in average reductions of 47% in yield, 51% in kernel weight, 1% in kernel number, and 1% in leaf area index”
e4“ranging from 50 to 100% of actual”
e0“reduce corn ( Zea maize L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50% reduction in precipitation reduced simulated corn kernel weight by 51% relative to actual conditions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 50% reduction in precipitatione3
- Outcome
- kernel weighte3
- Direction
- reductionse3
- Value
- 51%e3
- Comparator
- actuale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“A 50% reduction in precipitation resulted in average reductions of 47% in yield, 51% in kernel weight, 1% in kernel number, and 1% in leaf area index”
e4“ranging from 50 to 100% of actual”
e0“reduce corn ( Zea maize L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50% reduction in precipitation reduced simulated corn kernel number by 1% relative to actual conditions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 50% reduction in precipitatione3
- Outcome
- kernel numbere3
- Direction
- reductionse3
- Value
- 1%e3
- Comparator
- actuale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“A 50% reduction in precipitation resulted in average reductions of 47% in yield, 51% in kernel weight, 1% in kernel number, and 1% in leaf area index”
e4“ranging from 50 to 100% of actual”
e0“reduce corn ( Zea maize L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50% reduction in precipitation reduced simulated leaf area index by 1% relative to actual conditions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 50% reduction in precipitatione3
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe3
- Direction
- reductionse3
- Value
- 1%e3
- Comparator
- actuale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“A 50% reduction in precipitation resulted in average reductions of 47% in yield, 51% in kernel weight, 1% in kernel number, and 1% in leaf area index”
e4“ranging from 50 to 100% of actual”
e0“reduce corn ( Zea maize L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined corn model shows adequate sensitivity to light and water and could be modified to mimic weed competition.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- adequate sensitivity to light and watere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The combination model showed adequate sensitivity to light and water, and thus could be modified to mimic weed competition”
e0“reduce corn ( Zea maize L.) production”
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