Abstract
The jasmonic acid (JA) pathway plays a central role in plant defense responses against insects. Some phloem-feeding insects also induce the salicylic acid (SA) pathway, thereby suppressing the plant's JA response. These phenomena have been well studied in dicotyledonous plants, but little is known about them in monocotyledons. We cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice, OsHI-LOX, whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis and the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens, as well as by mechanical wounding and treatment with JA. Antisense expression of OsHI-LOX (as-lox) reduced SSB- or BPH-induced JA and trypsin protease inhibitor (TrypPI) levels, improved the larval performance of SBB as well as that of the rice leaf folder (LF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, and increased the damage caused by SSB and LF larvae. In contrast, BPH, a phloem-feeding herbivore, showed a preference for settling and ovipositing on WT plants, on which they consumed more and survived better than on as-lox plants. The enhanced resistance of as-lox plants to BPH infestation correlated with higher levels of BPH-induced H(2)O(2) and SA, as well as with increased hypersensitive response-like cell death. These results imply that OsHI-LOX is involved in herbivore-induced JA biosynthesis, and plays contrasting roles in controlling rice resistance to chewing and phloem-feeding herbivores. The observation that suppression of JA activity results in increased resistance to an insect indicates that revision of the generalized plant defense models in monocotyledons is required, and may help develop novel strategies to protect rice against insect pests.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
OsHI-LOX transcripts were up-regulated in rice by feeding of striped stem borer and brown planthopper.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- feeding bye0
- Interactor
- Chilo suppressalis
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Chilo suppressalise0pest - Second interactor
- Niaparvata lugense0herbivore
- Gene
- OsHI-LOXe0
- Outcome
- transcriptse0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“We cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice, OsHI-LOX, whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis and the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens”
Claim · model-written summary
Antisense OsHI-LOX reduced herbivore-induced JA and trypsin protease inhibitor levels in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Antisense expression of OsHI-LOXe1
- Interactor
- SSBe1pest
- Second interactor
- BPHe1herbivore
- Gene
- OsHI-LOXe1
- Outcome
- JA and trypsin protease inhibitor (TrypPI) levelse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice, OsHI-LOX, whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis and the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens”
e1“Antisense expression of OsHI-LOX (as-lox) reduced SSB- or BPH-induced JA and trypsin protease inhibitor (TrypPI) levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Antisense OsHI-LOX improved the larval performance of striped stem borer and rice leaf folder.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Antisense expression of OsHI-LOXe1
- Interactor
- SBBe2pest
- Second interactor
- Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
Cnaphalocrocis medinalise2pest - Outcome
- larval performancee2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice, OsHI-LOX, whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis and the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens”
e1“Antisense expression of OsHI-LOX (as-lox) reduced SSB- or BPH-induced JA and trypsin protease inhibitor (TrypPI) levels”
e2“improved the larval performance of SBB as well as that of the rice leaf folder (LF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Antisense OsHI-LOX increased the damage caused by striped stem borer and leaf folder larvae in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Antisense expression of OsHI-LOXe1
- Interactor
- SSBe3pest
- Second interactor
- LFe3pest
- Outcome
- damagee3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice, OsHI-LOX, whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis and the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens”
e1“Antisense expression of OsHI-LOX (as-lox) reduced SSB- or BPH-induced JA and trypsin protease inhibitor (TrypPI) levels”
e3“increased the damage caused by SSB and LF larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
The brown planthopper preferred settling and ovipositing on wild-type rice over antisense as-lox plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- WT plantse4
- Interactor
- BPHe4herbivore
- Outcome
- settling and ovipositinge4
- Direction
- preferencee4
- Comparator
- as-lox plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice, OsHI-LOX, whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis and the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens”
e4“BPH, a phloem-feeding herbivore, showed a preference for settling and ovipositing on WT plants, on which they consumed more and survived better than on as-lox plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The brown planthopper consumed more on wild-type rice than on antisense as-lox plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- WT plantse4
- Interactor
- BPHe4herbivore
- Outcome
- consumede4
- Direction
- moree4
- Comparator
- as-lox plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice, OsHI-LOX, whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis and the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens”
e4“BPH, a phloem-feeding herbivore, showed a preference for settling and ovipositing on WT plants, on which they consumed more and survived better than on as-lox plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The brown planthopper survived better on wild-type rice than on antisense as-lox plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- WT plantse4
- Interactor
- BPHe4herbivore
- Outcome
- survivede4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Comparator
- as-lox plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice, OsHI-LOX, whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis and the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens”
e4“BPH, a phloem-feeding herbivore, showed a preference for settling and ovipositing on WT plants, on which they consumed more and survived better than on as-lox plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced resistance of as-lox rice to brown planthopper correlated with higher BPH-induced H2O2 and salicylic acid levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- BPHe5herbivore
- Compound
- H(2)O(2) and SAe5
- Outcome
- resistancee5
- Direction
- highere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice, OsHI-LOX, whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis and the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens”
e5“The enhanced resistance of as-lox plants to BPH infestation correlated with higher levels of BPH-induced H(2)O(2) and SA, as well as with increased hypersensitive response-like cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced resistance of as-lox rice to brown planthopper correlated with increased hypersensitive response-like cell death.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- BPHe5herbivore
- Outcome
- hypersensitive response-like cell deathe5
- Direction
- increasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice, OsHI-LOX, whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis and the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens”
e5“The enhanced resistance of as-lox plants to BPH infestation correlated with higher levels of BPH-induced H(2)O(2) and SA, as well as with increased hypersensitive response-like cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
OsHI-LOX is implied to be involved in herbivore-induced JA biosynthesis in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- OsHI-LOXe6
- Outcome
- herbivore-induced JA biosynthesise6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice, OsHI-LOX, whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis and the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens”
e6“These results imply that OsHI-LOX is involved in herbivore-induced JA biosynthesis”
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