Abstract
Two wheat cultivars, Marzak and Oum-rabia, were subjected to three temperature regimes (20/15, 28/21, 36/29 °C) beginning 10 d after anthesis to maturity. As expected, high temperature resulted in low values of both seed yield and physical traits of seed quality. The effect of temperature on seed germination was not consistent among the two cultivars. High temperature during seed development and maturity had no effect on seed germination of Oum-rabia, whereas it decreased seed germination of Marzak. In contrast to seed germination, seed vigor was adversely affected by heat stress. This decline in seed vigor was reflected in reduced shoot and root dry weight, increased shoot/root ratio, reduced root length, low root number per seedling, and high seed conductivity. Excised embryo culture showed marked differences in the embryo growth potential. Although embryos from all treatments had germinated, a delay of 24–48 h was observed in the germination of embryos excised from seeds grown under high temperature conditions. Also, their shoot and radicle development over time lagged behind that of embryos isolated from seeds grown under cool temperature conditions. Exposing seeds to high temperature during development and maturity also resulted in low embryo oxygen uptake. Results presented in this study show that the growing conditions, in this instance temperature, of the parent plant affect the quality of its seed. Key words: Embryo, germination, oxygen uptake, vigor, wheat, high temperature
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced seed yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high temperature resulted in low values of both seed yield and physical traits of seed quality”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced physical seed quality traits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- physical traits of seed qualitye0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high temperature resulted in low values of both seed yield and physical traits of seed quality”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat had no reported effect on Oum-rabia germination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Oum-rabiae0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature during seed development and maturity had no effect on seed germination of Oum-rabia”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat reduced Marzak germination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Marzake0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee1
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas it decreased seed germination of Marzak”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
t1“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
e1“high temperature resulted in low values of both seed yield and physical traits of seed quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat adversely affected seed vigor.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- seed vigore0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed vigor was adversely affected by heat stress”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat reduced shoot and root dry weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat stresst1
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced shoot and root dry weight”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
t1“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat increased shoot/root ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat stresst1
- Outcome
- shoot/root ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased shoot/root ratio”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
t1“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat reduced root length and root number per seedling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat stresst1
- Outcome
- root length, low root number per seedlinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced root length, low root number per seedling”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
t1“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat increased seed conductivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee1
- Outcome
- seed conductivitye0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high seed conductivity”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
t1“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
e1“high temperature resulted in low values of both seed yield and physical traits of seed quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo growth potential differed across treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- embryo growth potentiale0
- Direction
- marked differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excised embryo culture showed marked differences in the embryo growth potential”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryos germinated under all treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- embryos from all treatments had germinatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“embryos from all treatments had germinated”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo germination was delayed 24–48 h after high temperature.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high temperature conditionse0
- Outcome
- germination of embryose0
- Direction
- delaye0
- Value
- 24–48 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a delay of 24–48 h was observed in the germination of embryos excised from seeds grown under high temperature conditions”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoots and radicles developed more slowly after high temperature than cool temperature.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee1
- Outcome
- shoot and radicle developmente0
- Direction
- lagged behinde0
- Comparator
- cool temperature conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their shoot and radicle development over time lagged behind that of embryos isolated from seeds grown under cool temperature conditions”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
t1“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
e1“high temperature resulted in low values of both seed yield and physical traits of seed quality”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature lowered embryo oxygen uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- embryo oxygen uptakee0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposing seeds to high temperature during development and maturity also resulted in low embryo oxygen uptake”
t0“Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor”
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