Abstract
Applying organic matter (OM) amendments to cropland reduces requirements for synthetic fertilizer and may eliminate yield differences between conventional and minimum tillage. The objectives of this research were to determine how tillage and composted swine ( Sus scrofa L.) manure affected yield of corn ( Zea mays L.), soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr], and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and soil concentrations of OM, P, and K. A corn–soybean–wheat/clover ( Trifolium spp.) rotation, in all phases, was initiated in 1998 in plots that had been managed with moldboard plow (MP), chisel plow, or no‐till since 1988. Moldboard and chisel plow increased corn yield in the first year of the study vs. no‐till. Thereafter, tillage did not affect yield on plots that received compost. Tillage × compost interactions during the last 2 yr of the study increased no‐till compost yield 11% vs. no compost. Soybean yield was similar in no‐till and chisel compost plots during the study period and between MP and no‐till in 3 of 4 yr. Tillage × compost interactions were observed in 2 of 4 yr that increased no‐till compost yield 9% vs. no compost. Averaged across all crops and tillage, compost‐amended soil had 63 g kg −1 OM and 164 mg kg −1 P vs. 56 and 55 in no compost. Corn and soybean producers can enhance yield with multiple compost applications and eliminate yield differences between conventional and no‐till systems. Nevertheless, compost application for soil OM enhancement must be balanced with P input to minimize the potential for excessive soil P accumulation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Moldboard and chisel plow increased corn yield in the first year relative to no-till.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Moldboard and chisel plowe0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- no‐tille0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moldboard and chisel plow increased corn yield in the first year of the study vs. no‐till”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage did not affect yield on plots that received compost.
- Taxon
- Corn, Soybean, and Wheat
Glycine max
Triticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- tillagee1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Qualifier
- plots that received composte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Corn, Soybean, and Wheat”
e1“Thereafter, tillage did not affect yield on plots that received compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage by compost interactions in the last 2 years increased no-till compost yield by 11% relative to no compost.
- Taxon
- Corn, Soybean, and WheatGlycine maxTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Tillage × compost interactionse2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 11%e2
- Comparator
- no composte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Corn, Soybean, and Wheat”
e2“Tillage × compost interactions during the last 2 yr of the study increased no‐till compost yield 11% vs. no compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was similar in no-till and chisel compost plots during the study period.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe3
- Treatment
- chisel compost plotse3
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde3
- Direction
- similare3
- Qualifier
- during the study periode3
- Comparator
- no‐tille3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Soybean yield was similar in no‐till and chisel compost plots during the study period and between MP and no‐till in 3 of 4 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was similar between MP and no-till in 3 of 4 years.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe3
- Treatment
- MPe3
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde3
- Direction
- similare3
- Qualifier
- in 3 of 4 yre3
- Comparator
- no‐tille3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Soybean yield was similar in no‐till and chisel compost plots during the study period and between MP and no‐till in 3 of 4 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage by compost interactions in 2 of 4 years increased no-till compost yield by 9% relative to no compost.
- Taxon
- Corn, Soybean, and WheatGlycine maxTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Tillage × compost interactionse4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 9%e4
- Qualifier
- in 2 of 4 yre4
- Comparator
- no composte4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Corn, Soybean, and Wheat”
e4“Tillage × compost interactions were observed in 2 of 4 yr that increased no‐till compost yield 9% vs. no compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost-amended soil had higher organic matter than soil without compost.
- Taxon
- Corn, Soybean, and WheatGlycine maxTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- composte5
- Outcome
- OMe5
- Direction
- higherinferrede5
- Value
- 63 g kg −1e5
- Comparator
- no composte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Corn, Soybean, and Wheat”
e5“compost‐amended soil had 63 g kg −1 OM and 164 mg kg −1 P vs. 56 and 55 in no compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost-amended soil had higher soil P than soil without compost.
- Taxon
- Corn, Soybean, and WheatGlycine maxTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- composte5
- Outcome
- Pe5
- Direction
- higherinferrede5
- Value
- 164 mg kg −1e5
- Comparator
- no composte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Corn, Soybean, and Wheat”
e5“compost‐amended soil had 63 g kg −1 OM and 164 mg kg −1 P vs. 56 and 55 in no compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn and soybean producers can enhance yield with multiple compost applications and eliminate yield differences between conventional and no-till systems.
- Taxon
- Corn and soybeanGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- multiple compost applicationse6
- Outcome
- yielde6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Corn and soybean producers can enhance yield with multiple compost applications and eliminate yield differences between conventional and no‐till systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost application for soil OM enhancement must be balanced with P input to avoid excessive soil P accumulation.
- Taxon
- Corn, Soybean, and WheatGlycine maxTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- excessive soil P accumulatione7
- Qualifier
- must be balanced with P inpute7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Corn, Soybean, and Wheat”
e7“compost application for soil OM enhancement must be balanced with P input to minimize the potential for excessive soil P accumulation”
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