Abstract
Plant response to organic amendment often varies and may interact with tillage. The objectives of this research were to determine if soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth, nutrient uptake, and soil water use could explain whole‐plant and seed yield responses to tillage and compost amendment. A corn ( Zea mays L.)‐soybean‐wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)/clover ( Trifolium spp.) rotation, with or without fall compost application was initiated in 1998 in plots that had been managed with moldboard plow (MP), chisel plow (CT), or no‐tillage (NT) since 1988. No tillage by amendment interaction for yield was detected. Yield was similar in MP and CT. In 2003, yield was similar among tillage systems, but NT yielded 15% greater than MP and CT in 2004 and 8% lower in 2005. Mean yield across the 3 yr was similar. Compost amendment increased yield (9%) compared with nonamended soil only in 2004. Mean yield was 2% higher with compost than without. Water depth from the 0 to 90 cm soil depth was not affected by tillage or amendment. Seed P and K uptake were 18 and 16% greater in NT compared with MP and CT and 16 and 13% greater with compost than without in 2004. Soybean growing on compost‐amended soil had less seed protein compared with nonamended soil. Alternatively, seed oil content was 2 and 1% lower in nonamended than amended soil in 2003 and 2004. The mechanisms responsible for compost‐enhanced plant growth are difficult to quantify in the field under natural conditions because effects are short‐lived or too extreme.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage and amendment did not interact for yield.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Outcome
- yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No tillage by amendment interaction for yield was detected.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was similar under moldboard and chisel plowing.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- MP and CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield was similar in MP and CT.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was similar across tillage systems in 2003.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- 2003e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2003, yield was similar among tillage systems”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage yielded 15% more than moldboard and chisel plowing in 2004.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Qualifier
- 2004e0
- Comparator
- MP and CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NT yielded 15% greater than MP and CT in 2004”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage yielded 8% less in 2005.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NTe1
- Outcome
- yieldede1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 8%e0
- Qualifier
- 2005e0
- Comparator
- MP and CTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“8% lower in 2005”
e1“NT yielded 15% greater than MP and CT in 2004”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean yield was similar across tillage systems over three years.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Mean yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- 3 yre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean yield across the 3 yr was similar.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased yield by 9% in 2004.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Compost amendmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9%e0
- Qualifier
- 2004e0
- Comparator
- nonamended soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost amendment increased yield (9%) compared with nonamended soil only in 2004.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean yield was 2% higher with compost.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- composte0
- Outcome
- Mean yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2%e0
- Comparator
- withoute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean yield was 2% higher with compost than without.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water depth was unaffected by tillage or amendment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Water depthe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Qualifier
- 0 to 90 cm soil depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water depth from the 0 to 90 cm soil depth was not affected by tillage or amendment.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage increased seed phosphorus uptake by 18% in 2004.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- Seed P and K uptakee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 18e0
- Qualifier
- 2004e0
- Comparator
- MP and CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed P and K uptake were 18 and 16% greater in NT compared with MP and CT and 16 and 13% greater with compost than without in 2004.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage increased seed potassium uptake by 16% in 2004.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- K uptakee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Comparator
- MP and CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed P and K uptake were 18 and 16% greater in NT compared with MP and CT and 16 and 13% greater with compost than without in 2004.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased seed phosphorus uptake by 16% in 2004.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- composte0
- Outcome
- Seed P and K uptakee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Comparator
- withoute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed P and K uptake were 18 and 16% greater in NT compared with MP and CT and 16 and 13% greater with compost than without in 2004.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased seed potassium uptake by 13% in 2004.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- composte0
- Outcome
- K uptakee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Comparator
- withoute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed P and K uptake were 18 and 16% greater in NT compared with MP and CT and 16 and 13% greater with compost than without in 2004.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost reduced seed protein.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- compost‐amended soile0
- Outcome
- seed proteine0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- nonamended soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean growing on compost‐amended soil had less seed protein compared with nonamended soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed oil was 2% lower without amendment in 2003.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- nonamendede0
- Outcome
- seed oil contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 2e0
- Qualifier
- 2003e0
- Comparator
- amended soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed oil content was 2 and 1% lower in nonamended than amended soil in 2003 and 2004.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed oil was 1% lower without amendment in 2004.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- nonamendede0
- Outcome
- seed oil contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 1%e0
- Qualifier
- 2004e0
- Comparator
- amended soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed oil content was 2 and 1% lower in nonamended than amended soil in 2003 and 2004.”
t0“Soybean”
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