Abstract
The effects of 700 µmol mol-1 CO2 and 200 nmol mol-1 ozone on photosynthesis in Pinus halepensis seedlings and on N translocation from its mycorrhizal symbiont, Paxillus involutus, were studied under nutrient-poor conditions. After 79 days of exposure, ozone reduced and elevated CO2 increased net assimilation rate. However, the effect was dependent on daily accumulated exposure. No statistically significant differences in total plant mass accumulation were observed, although ozone-treated plants tended to be smaller. Changes in atmospheric gas concentrations induced changes in allocation of resources: under elevated ozone, shoots showed high priority over roots and had significantly elevated N concentrations. As a result of different shoot N concentration and net carbon assimilation rates, photosynthetic N use efficiency was significantly increased under elevated CO2 and decreased under ozone. The differences in photosynthesis were mirrored in the growth of the fungus in symbiosis with the pine seedlings. However, exposure to CO2 and ozone both reduced the symbiosis-mediated N uptake. The results suggest an increased carbon cost of symbiosis-mediated N uptake under elevated CO2, while under ozone, plant N acquisition is preferentially shifted towards increased root uptake.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced pine net assimilation rate after 79 days.
- Taxon
- Pinus halepensis
Pinus halepensist0 - Treatment
- ozonee0
- Outcome
- net assimilation ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- After 79 days of exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 79 days of exposure, ozone reduced and elevated CO2 increased net assimilation rate.”
t0“Pinus halepensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased pine net assimilation rate after 79 days.
- Taxon
- Pinus halepensisPinus halepensist0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- net assimilation ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 79 days of exposure, ozone reduced and elevated CO2 increased net assimilation rate.”
t0“Pinus halepensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Total pine mass accumulation did not differ significantly with gas exposure, though ozone treated plants tended smaller.
- Taxon
- Pinus halepensisPinus halepensist0
- Treatment
- ozone-treatede0
- Outcome
- total plant mass accumulatione0
- Direction
- No statistically significant differencese0
- Qualifier
- tended to be smallere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No statistically significant differences in total plant mass accumulation were observed, although ozone-treated plants tended to be smaller.”
t0“Pinus halepensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone shifted allocation priority toward shoots over roots.
- Taxon
- Pinus halepensisPinus halepensist0
- Treatment
- elevated ozonee0
- Outcome
- shoots showed high prioritye0
- Direction
- high prioritye0
- Comparator
- rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under elevated ozone, shoots showed high priority over roots”
t0“Pinus halepensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone significantly increased pine shoot nitrogen concentration.
- Taxon
- Pinus halepensisPinus halepensist0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- elevated ozonee0
- Outcome
- N concentrationse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under elevated ozone, shoots showed high priority over roots and had significantly elevated N concentrations”
t0“Pinus halepensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased photosynthetic N use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Pinus halepensisPinus halepensist0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic N use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic N use efficiency was significantly increased under elevated CO2 and decreased under ozone”
t0“Pinus halepensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone decreased photosynthetic N use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Pinus halepensisPinus halepensist0
- Treatment
- ozonee0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic N use efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic N use efficiency was significantly increased under elevated CO2 and decreased under ozone”
t0“Pinus halepensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal symbiont growth mirrored the differences in pine photosynthesis.
- Interactor
- Paxillus involutus
.jpg?width=60)
Paxillus involutuse1symbiont - Outcome
- growth of the funguse0
PinusNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The differences in photosynthesis were mirrored in the growth of the fungus in symbiosis with the pine seedlings.”
e1“mycorrhizal symbiont, Paxillus involutus”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced symbiosis mediated pine nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- Pinus halepensisPinus halepensist0
- Treatment
- CO2e0
- Interactor
- Paxillus involutusPaxillus involutuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- symbiosis-mediated N uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to CO2 and ozone both reduced the symbiosis-mediated N uptake”
e1“mycorrhizal symbiont, Paxillus involutus”
t0“Pinus halepensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced symbiosis mediated pine nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- Pinus halepensisPinus halepensist0
- Treatment
- ozonee0
- Interactor
- Paxillus involutusPaxillus involutuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- symbiosis-mediated N uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to CO2 and ozone both reduced the symbiosis-mediated N uptake”
e1“mycorrhizal symbiont, Paxillus involutus”
t0“Pinus halepensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 may raise the carbon cost of symbiotic nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- Pinus halepensisPinus halepensist0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Interactor
- Paxillus involutusPaxillus involutuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- carbon cost of symbiosis-mediated N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increased carbon cost of symbiosis-mediated N uptake under elevated CO2”
e1“mycorrhizal symbiont, Paxillus involutus”
t0“Pinus halepensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone may shift pine nitrogen acquisition toward root uptake.
- Taxon
- Pinus halepensisPinus halepensist0
- Treatment
- ozonee0
- Outcome
- plant N acquisitione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- root uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under ozone, plant N acquisition is preferentially shifted towards increased root uptake”
t0“Pinus halepensis”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
ozone · growth · Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
ozone · physiology: photosynthesis · Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.