Abstract
Abstract Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). To address these problems, yield and quality of potato were studied during three growing seasons to determine their response to soil management treatments designed to increase soil organic matter. The soil management treatments, consisting of rotation crop [oat ( Avena sativa L. cv. Porter vs. green manure] and annual soil amendment applications [none vs. 22 t ha −1 compost and 45 t ha −1 manure from beef cattle ( Bos taurus L.)], were tested in combination with supplemental irrigation treatments (none, reduced, and moderate) on a Caribou gravelly loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Haplorthod). The green manure consisted of pea ( Pisum sativum L. cv. Trapper), oat, and hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth) seeded at 168, 56, and 34 kg ha −1 , respectively. After a single season, the amendments increased soil organic matter, K, Mg, Ca, cation exchange capacity, and aggregation. Modified‐Morgan soil‐test P increased and bulk density decreased after two amendment applications. Total yields were significantly increased by the amendment treatment [8.6 t ha −1 (23%), 1993; 8.1 t ha −1 (27%), 1994; and 4.0 t ha −1 (11%) for 1995], and U.S. No. 1 yields were similarly affected. The amendments increased tuber decay incidence during all 3 yr. Irrigation treatments significantly increased total yields by 10 t ha −1 (36%) in 1994 and 11.6 t ha −1 (37%) in 1995, while significantly reducing specific gravity and increasing tuber size. Irrigation also increased tuber decay incidence in 2 of 3 yr. During the time course and under the conditions of this study, the green manure rotation crop had no significant effect on yields or tuber quality compared with the oat rotation. In contrast, soil amendment and supplemental irrigation proved to be management tools that could rapidly affect productivity in this agricultural system.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments increased soil organic matter, K and Mg after a single season.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- the amendmentse1
- Outcome
- soil organic matter, K, Mge1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- After a single seasone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e1“After a single season, the amendments increased soil organic matter, K, Mg, Ca, cation exchange capacity, and aggregation”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments increased Ca, cation exchange capacity and aggregation after a single season.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- the amendmentse1
- Outcome
- Ca, cation exchange capacity, and aggregatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- After a single seasone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e1“After a single season, the amendments increased soil organic matter, K, Mg, Ca, cation exchange capacity, and aggregation”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-test P increased after two amendment applications.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- amendment applicationse2
- Outcome
- Modified‐Morgan soil‐test Pe2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e2“Modified‐Morgan soil‐test P increased and bulk density decreased after two amendment applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk density decreased after two amendment applications.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- amendment applicationse2
- Outcome
- bulk densitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e2“Modified‐Morgan soil‐test P increased and bulk density decreased after two amendment applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Amendment treatment significantly increased total potato yield by 8.6 t/ha (23%) in 1993.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- amendment treatmente3
- Outcome
- Total yieldse3
- Direction
- significantly increasede3
- Value
- 8.6 t ha −1 (23%)e3
- Qualifier
- 1993e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e3“Total yields were significantly increased by the amendment treatment [8.6 t ha −1 (23%), 1993; 8.1 t ha −1 (27%), 1994; and 4.0 t ha −1 (11%) for 1995]”
Claim · model-written summary
Amendment treatment significantly increased total potato yield by 8.1 t/ha (27%) in 1994.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- amendment treatmente3
- Outcome
- Total yieldse3
- Direction
- significantly increasede3
- Value
- 8.1 t ha −1 (27%)e3
- Qualifier
- 1994e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e3“Total yields were significantly increased by the amendment treatment [8.6 t ha −1 (23%), 1993; 8.1 t ha −1 (27%), 1994; and 4.0 t ha −1 (11%) for 1995]”
Claim · model-written summary
Amendment treatment significantly increased total potato yield by 4.0 t/ha (11%) in 1995.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- amendment treatmente3
- Outcome
- Total yieldse3
- Direction
- significantly increasede3
- Value
- 4.0 t ha −1 (11%)e3
- Qualifier
- 1995e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e3“Total yields were significantly increased by the amendment treatment [8.6 t ha −1 (23%), 1993; 8.1 t ha −1 (27%), 1994; and 4.0 t ha −1 (11%) for 1995]”
Claim · model-written summary
U.S. No. 1 potato yields were similarly affected by the amendment treatment.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- amendment treatmente3
- Outcome
- U.S. No. 1 yieldse4
- Direction
- similarly affectede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e3“Total yields were significantly increased by the amendment treatment [8.6 t ha −1 (23%), 1993; 8.1 t ha −1 (27%), 1994; and 4.0 t ha −1 (11%) for 1995]”
e4“U.S. No. 1 yields were similarly affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments increased tuber decay incidence during all 3 years.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- The amendmentse5
- Outcome
- tuber decay incidencee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- during all 3 yre5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e5“The amendments increased tuber decay incidence during all 3 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation treatments significantly increased total potato yield by 10 t/ha (36%) in 1994.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- Irrigation treatmentse6
- Outcome
- total yieldse6
- Direction
- significantly increasede6
- Value
- 10 t ha −1 (36%)e6
- Qualifier
- in 1994e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e6“Irrigation treatments significantly increased total yields by 10 t ha −1 (36%) in 1994 and 11.6 t ha −1 (37%) in 1995, while significantly reducing specific gravity and increasing tuber size”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation treatments significantly increased total potato yield by 11.6 t/ha (37%) in 1995.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- Irrigation treatmentse6
- Outcome
- total yieldse6
- Direction
- significantly increasede6
- Value
- 11.6 t ha −1 (37%)e6
- Qualifier
- in 1995e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e6“Irrigation treatments significantly increased total yields by 10 t ha −1 (36%) in 1994 and 11.6 t ha −1 (37%) in 1995, while significantly reducing specific gravity and increasing tuber size”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation treatments significantly reduced potato specific gravity.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- Irrigation treatmentse6
- Outcome
- specific gravitye6
- Direction
- reducinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e6“Irrigation treatments significantly increased total yields by 10 t ha −1 (36%) in 1994 and 11.6 t ha −1 (37%) in 1995, while significantly reducing specific gravity and increasing tuber size”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation treatments increased potato tuber size.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- Irrigation treatmentse6
- Outcome
- tuber sizee6
- Direction
- increasinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e6“Irrigation treatments significantly increased total yields by 10 t ha −1 (36%) in 1994 and 11.6 t ha −1 (37%) in 1995, while significantly reducing specific gravity and increasing tuber size”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased tuber decay incidence in 2 of 3 years.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione7
- Outcome
- tuber decay incidencee7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Qualifier
- in 2 of 3 yre7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e7“Irrigation also increased tuber decay incidence in 2 of 3 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
The green manure rotation crop had no significant effect on potato yields or tuber quality compared with the oat rotation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- green manure rotation crope1
- Outcome
- yields or tuber qualitye1
- Direction
- no significant effecte1
- Comparator
- oat rotatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e1“the green manure rotation crop had no significant effect on yields or tuber quality compared with the oat rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that soil amendment and supplemental irrigation are management tools that could rapidly affect potato productivity.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- management tools that could rapidly affect productivitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall in the northeastern United States can be erratic, causing fluctuations in the supply and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )”
e1“soil amendment and supplemental irrigation proved to be management tools that could rapidly affect productivity in this agricultural system”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.