Abstract
It has been proposed that ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation activates the antioxidant defense system in grapevines and that abscisic acid (ABA) acts downstream in the signaling pathway. Here, we studied the effects of solar UV-B and ABA sprays on berry quality indicators and fruit yield in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec grown in a high-altitude vineyard, for five developmental stages and three growing seasons. Grapevines were exposed to elevated ambient solar UV-B (+UV-B) or to UV-B-filtered sunlight (−UV-B) from 15 days before flowering, combined with weekly sprays of 1 mM ABA (+ABA) or water (−ABA) from 27 days before veraison. The concentration of phenols (anthocyanins and total polyphenols) in berry skin was increased by +UV-B and +ABA, and there was a significant interaction between UV-B and ABA. For a given increase in sugar content, antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents were higher in berries in the +UV-B/+ABA treatment than in berries in the −UV-B/−ABA treatment. +UV-B and +ABA interacted to lessen the number of berries, possibly because of higher ethylene emissions, and additively reduced cluster weight without affecting sugar concentration at harvest. Antioxidant compounds, which are protective for plants, were triggered by +UV-B/+ABA at the expense of sugar accumulation, berry retention, and growth (fruit yield). Effects of UV-B and ABA on sugar accumulation and berry growth were dependent on the developmental stage. In high-altitude vineyards, solar UV-B and ABA application interact to increase quality indicators in red grape berries. The effects of UV-B and ABA on berry quality indicators are significant on a concentration basis (important from a winemaking standpoint) and additive on a per-berry basis.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated UV-B increased berry-skin phenols.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Organ / stage
- berry skine0
- Treatment
- +UV-Be0
- Outcome
- concentration of phenols (anthocyanins and total polyphenols)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of phenols (anthocyanins and total polyphenols) in berry skin was increased by +UV-B and +ABA”
t0“Grape Berry”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA sprays increased berry-skin phenols.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Organ / stage
- berry skine0
- Treatment
- +ABAe0
- Outcome
- concentration of phenols (anthocyanins and total polyphenols)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of phenols (anthocyanins and total polyphenols) in berry skin was increased by +UV-B and +ABA”
t0“Grape Berry”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B and ABA interacted significantly for berry-skin phenol concentration.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of phenols (anthocyanins and total polyphenols) in berry skin was increased by +UV-B and +ABA, and there was a significant interaction between UV-B and ABA.”
t0“Grape Berry”
Claim · model-written summary
At a given sugar increase, berries receiving UV-B and ABA had higher antioxidant capacity than those receiving neither.
Verbatim
e0“For a given increase in sugar content, antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents were higher in berries in the +UV-B/+ABA treatment than in berries in the −UV-B/−ABA treatment.”
t0“Grape Berry”
Claim · model-written summary
At a given sugar increase, berries receiving UV-B and ABA had higher phenolic contents than those receiving neither.
Verbatim
e0“For a given increase in sugar content, antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents were higher in berries in the +UV-B/+ABA treatment than in berries in the −UV-B/−ABA treatment.”
t0“Grape Berry”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B and ABA interacted to reduce berry number.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“+UV-B and +ABA interacted to lessen the number of berries”
t0“Grape Berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher ethylene emissions were proposed as a possible explanation for reduced berry number.
Verbatim
e0“lessen the number of berries, possibly because of higher ethylene emissions”
t0“Grape Berry”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B and ABA additively reduced cluster weight.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“+UV-B and +ABA interacted to lessen the number of berries, possibly because of higher ethylene emissions, and additively reduced cluster weight”
t0“Grape Berry”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B and ABA did not affect sugar concentration at harvest.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- +UV-B and +ABAe0
- Outcome
- sugar concentratione0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
- Qualifier
- at harveste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“+UV-B and +ABA interacted to lessen the number of berries, possibly because of higher ethylene emissions, and additively reduced cluster weight without affecting sugar concentration at harvest.”
t0“Grape Berry”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B and ABA effects on sugar accumulation and berry growth depended on developmental stage.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of UV-B and ABA on sugar accumulation and berry growth were dependent on the developmental stage.”
t0“Grape Berry”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B and ABA effects on quality were significant on a concentration basis.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- UV-B and ABAe0
- Outcome
- berry quality indicatorse0
- Qualifier
- on a concentration basise0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The effects of UV-B and ABA on berry quality indicators are significant on a concentration basis”
t0“Grape Berry”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B and ABA effects on quality were additive on a per-berry basis.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- UV-B and ABAe0
- Outcome
- berry quality indicatorse0
- Direction
- additivee0
- Qualifier
- on a per-berry basise0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The effects of UV-B and ABA on berry quality indicators are significant on a concentration basis (important from a winemaking standpoint) and additive on a per-berry basis.”
t0“Grape Berry”
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