Abstract
Plant bioregulators (PBRs) regulate developmental and physiological processes in plants. In this study, biochemical and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to evaluate the influence of PBRs [abscisic acid (ABA), benzothiadiazole (BTH), ethephon, and prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca)] on the grapevine cv. Flame Seedless under semi-arid subtropics. This study aims to see the effect of exogenous application of PBRs on overall berry quality, including uniformity of berry color. Uniform colored berries, the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) and total antioxidant activity (TAoA), and the highest total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) contents were obtained with the treatments, namely, 400 mg L-1 ethephon and 400 mg L-1 ABA. Further, RNA-Seq analysis has also identified some key DEGs like UFGT (VIT_16s0039g02230), GST (VIT_04s0079g00690), and chalcone synthase (CHS) (VIT_05s0136g00260) which were part of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway controlling grape berries color. Thus, ethephon (400 mg L-1) and ABA (400 mg L-1) were found promising for attaining greater uniformity in berry color development because of increased total anthocyanins content. In addition, they were also found associated with enhanced TAoA, TPC, and TFC. Hence, ethephon and ABA can be recommended for improving the berry quality.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon at 400 mg L-1 produced uniform colored berries.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Uniform colored berries, the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) and total antioxidant activity (TAoA), and the highest total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) contents were obtained with the treatments, namely, 400 mg L-1 ethephon and 400 mg L-1 ABA”
t0“grapevine cv. Flame Seedless”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA at 400 mg L-1 produced uniform colored berries.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Uniform colored berries, the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) and total antioxidant activity (TAoA), and the highest total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) contents were obtained with the treatments, namely, 400 mg L-1 ethephon and 400 mg L-1 ABA”
t0“grapevine cv. Flame Seedless”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon maximized berry soluble solids and antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- grapevine cv. Flame Seedlesst0
- Treatment
- 400 mg L-1 ethephone0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS) and total antioxidant activity (TAoA)e0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) and total antioxidant activity (TAoA), and the highest total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) contents were obtained with the treatments, namely, 400 mg L-1 ethephon and 400 mg L-1 ABA”
t0“grapevine cv. Flame Seedless”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA maximized berry soluble solids and antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- grapevine cv. Flame Seedlesst0
- Treatment
- 400 mg L-1 ABAe0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS) and total antioxidant activity (TAoA)e0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) and total antioxidant activity (TAoA), and the highest total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) contents were obtained with the treatments, namely, 400 mg L-1 ethephon and 400 mg L-1 ABA”
t0“grapevine cv. Flame Seedless”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon gave the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents.
- Taxon
- grapevine cv. Flame Seedlesst0
- Treatment
- 400 mg L-1 ethephone0
- Outcome
- total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the highest total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) contents were obtained with the treatments, namely, 400 mg L-1 ethephon and 400 mg L-1 ABA”
t0“grapevine cv. Flame Seedless”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA gave the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents.
- Taxon
- grapevine cv. Flame Seedlesst0
- Treatment
- 400 mg L-1 ABAe0
- Outcome
- total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the highest total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) contents were obtained with the treatments, namely, 400 mg L-1 ethephon and 400 mg L-1 ABA”
t0“grapevine cv. Flame Seedless”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA sequencing identified UFGT, GST and CHS as anthocyanin pathway differentially expressed genes.
Verbatim
e0“RNA-Seq analysis has also identified some key DEGs like UFGT (VIT_16s0039g02230), GST (VIT_04s0079g00690), and chalcone synthase (CHS) (VIT_05s0136g00260) which were part of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway controlling grape berries color”
t0“grapevine cv. Flame Seedless”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased total anthocyanins associated with more uniform berry color.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon (400 mg L-1) and ABA (400 mg L-1) were found promising for attaining greater uniformity in berry color development because of increased total anthocyanins content”
t0“grapevine cv. Flame Seedless”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased total anthocyanins associated with more uniform berry color.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon (400 mg L-1) and ABA (400 mg L-1) were found promising for attaining greater uniformity in berry color development because of increased total anthocyanins content”
t0“grapevine cv. Flame Seedless”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon and ABA were recommended to improve berry quality.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon and ABA can be recommended for improving the berry quality”
t0“grapevine cv. Flame Seedless”
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