Abstract
Salinity is at present one of the most serious environmental problems influencing crop growth. It has been extensively demonstrated that salinity affects several physiological processes in the plant, including the plant–water relations of most salt‐sensitive crops species. In this study, the effects of salinity on the plant–water relations of kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and the possibility that foliarly applied glycinebetaine improves these water relations are examined. Kidney bean plants were grown in a greenhouse and treated with 0, 30, 50 and 100 m M NaCl, combined with 0, 10 and 30 m M glycinebetaine in foliar applications. Increased salinity levels decreased stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, transpiration and leaf relative water content in the 30, 50 and 100 m M treatments relative to the control treatment. Glycinebetaine applications of 10 m M increased stomatal conductance at 50 m M NaCl, ameliorating significantly the effect of salinity on water relations through increases in the leaf relative water content. At 100 m M NaCl, 30 m M glycinebetaine applications in particular contributed to osmotic stress, and had an adverse effect on plants. Our experiment suggests that glycinebetaine can be used as an alternative treatment to reduce the effects of salt stress on the water relations of salt‐sensitive plants, but only to limited salinity levels. Furthermore, the improvement in the water status of kidney beans was dose dependent, suggesting that the concentration of glycinebetaine essential for the survival of salt‐sensitive plants is species specific and must be determined individually for each plant species.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increased salinity decreased stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and transpiration relative to the control.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- Increased salinity levelse1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, transpiratione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- in the 30, 50 and 100 m M treatmentse1
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Increased salinity levels decreased stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, transpiration and leaf relative water content in the 30, 50 and 100 m M treatments relative to the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased salinity decreased leaf relative water content relative to the control.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Increased salinity levelse1
- Outcome
- leaf relative water contente1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- in the 30, 50 and 100 m M treatmentse1
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Increased salinity levels decreased stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, transpiration and leaf relative water content in the 30, 50 and 100 m M treatments relative to the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine applied at 10 mM increased stomatal conductance at 50 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Glycinebetaine applications of 10 m Me2
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- at 50 m M NaCle2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e2“Glycinebetaine applications of 10 m M increased stomatal conductance at 50 m M NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine at 10 mM significantly ameliorated the effect of salinity on water relations by increasing leaf relative water content.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Glycinebetaine applications of 10 m Me2
- Outcome
- leaf relative water contente3
- Direction
- increasese3
- Comparator
- effect of salinitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e2“Glycinebetaine applications of 10 m M increased stomatal conductance at 50 m M NaCl”
e3“ameliorating significantly the effect of salinity on water relations through increases in the leaf relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 mM NaCl, 30 mM glycinebetaine applications contributed to osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 30 m M glycinebetaine applicationse4
- Outcome
- osmotic stresse4
- Direction
- contributed toe4
- Qualifier
- At 100 m M NaCle4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e4“At 100 m M NaCl, 30 m M glycinebetaine applications in particular contributed to osmotic stress, and had an adverse effect on plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 mM NaCl, 30 mM glycinebetaine had an adverse effect on kidney bean plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 30 m M glycinebetaine applicationse4
- Outcome
- plantse4
- Direction
- had an adverse effect one4
- Qualifier
- At 100 m M NaCle4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e4“At 100 m M NaCl, 30 m M glycinebetaine applications in particular contributed to osmotic stress, and had an adverse effect on plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine can be used as an alternative treatment to reduce salt stress effects on water relations, but only at limited salinity levels.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- alternative treatment to reduce the effects of salt stress on the water relationse5
- Qualifier
- but only to limited salinity levelse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e5“glycinebetaine can be used as an alternative treatment to reduce the effects of salt stress on the water relations of salt‐sensitive plants, but only to limited salinity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
The improvement in kidney bean water status by glycinebetaine was dose dependent.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Glycinebetainee2
- Outcome
- improvement in the water status of kidney beanse6
- Qualifier
- dose dependente6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e2“Glycinebetaine applications of 10 m M increased stomatal conductance at 50 m M NaCl”
e6“the improvement in the water status of kidney beans was dose dependent”
The same questions in other papers
glycine betaine · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 5 papers →salinity · physiology: water · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
20 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- negative
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See all 21 papers →salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
22 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.