Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is considered one of the most harmful pathogens affecting green bean productivity. Phaseolus vulgaris, L. cv. paulista seeds were subjected to UV-C for 60 min. and/or immersed in glycine betaine (GB, 5 mM) for 24 hours to stimulate plant biochemical defenses against R. solani. After treatments, seeds were sown in soil infested with R. solani, then seedling samples were collected after two weeks to evaluate plant resistance and some antioxidant enzymes activities. The results clearly demonstrated that disease index (DI) was highly reduced by GB (54.7%) followed by UV+GB (38.3%) and UV (35.6%). Seed treatment with UV-C for 60 min or GB (5 mM) for 24 h alone or together enhanced plant rooting in infected seedlings comparing with control. Also, there was a high correlation between the levels of lipid peroxidation and Rhizoctonia root rot disease index. Seed treated with UV-C, GB or both mitigated the effect of infection on the lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde levels) with percentages of 26.8, 40.2 and 29.3% respectively in comparison with the infected control. Regarding to the plant defensive enzymes, GB was the only treatment that triggered a significant increment in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in roots of both infected and non-infected seedlings as compared to the control. On the other hand, guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were elevated by all treatments in infected plant roots in comparison with control. The maximum activity for G-POD was attained with UV treatment (9042.5 U.mg-1 protein) followed by GB+UV, GB and infected control with values of 7776.5, 7152.4 and 6508.8 U.mg-1 protein, respectively. Similarly, PPO exhibited higher activities with significant differences in all treatments over the infected control with percentages of 54, 59.4 and 48.7% for UV, GB and UV+GB respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that treatment of green bean seeds with UV-C and GB enhanced green bean seedlings tolerance to R. solani by activation of the antioxidant enzymes and activation of defense-related enzymes like polyphenol oxidase. The results of combination of UV-C and GB treatments indicated the absence of synergetic effects in induction of plant tolerance.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine reduced the Rhizoctonia solani disease index in green bean by 54.7%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- GBe1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanit0pathogen - Outcome
- disease index (DI)e1
- Direction
- highly reducede1
- Value
- 54.7%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“disease index (DI) was highly reduced by GB (54.7%)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C with glycine betaine reduced the disease index by 38.3%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- UV+GBe1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease index (DI)e1
- Direction
- highly reducede1
- Value
- 38.3%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“disease index (DI) was highly reduced by GB (54.7%) followed by UV+GB (38.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C reduced the disease index by 35.6%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- UVe1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease index (DI)e1
- Direction
- highly reducede1
- Value
- 35.6%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“disease index (DI) was highly reduced by GB (54.7%) followed by UV+GB (38.3%) and UV (35.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C reduced lipid peroxidation in infected plants relative to infected control, by 26.8%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- UV-Ce1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde levels)e1
- Direction
- mitigatede1
- Value
- 26.8e1
- Comparator
- infected controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Seed treated with UV-C, GB or both mitigated the effect of infection on the lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde levels) with percentages of 26.8, 40.2 and 29.3% respectively in comparison with the infected control”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine reduced lipid peroxidation in infected plants relative to infected control, by 40.2%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- GBe1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde levels)e1
- Direction
- mitigatede1
- Value
- 40.2e1
- Comparator
- infected controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Seed treated with UV-C, GB or both mitigated the effect of infection on the lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde levels) with percentages of 26.8, 40.2 and 29.3% respectively in comparison with the infected control”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C with glycine betaine together reduced lipid peroxidation in infected plants relative to infected control, by 29.3%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- UV-C, GB or bothe1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde levels)e1
- Direction
- mitigatede1
- Value
- 29.3e1
- Comparator
- infected controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Seed treated with UV-C, GB or both mitigated the effect of infection on the lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde levels) with percentages of 26.8, 40.2 and 29.3% respectively in comparison with the infected control”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid peroxidation level was highly correlated with the Rhizoctonia root rot disease index.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniae1pathogen - Outcome
- levels of lipid peroxidatione1
- Qualifier
- high correlatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“there was a high correlation between the levels of lipid peroxidation and Rhizoctonia root rot disease index”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C seed treatment enhanced rooting of infected green bean seedlings compared with control.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- UV-C for 60 mine1
- Outcome
- plant rootinge1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Seed treatment with UV-C for 60 min or GB (5 mM) for 24 h alone or together enhanced plant rooting in infected seedlings comparing with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine seed treatment enhanced rooting of infected green bean seedlings compared with control.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- GB (5 mM) for 24 he1
- Outcome
- plant rootinge1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Seed treatment with UV-C for 60 min or GB (5 mM) for 24 h alone or together enhanced plant rooting in infected seedlings comparing with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Alone or together, UV-C and glycine betaine enhanced rooting of infected green bean seedlings compared with control.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- alone or togethere1
- Outcome
- plant rootinge1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Seed treatment with UV-C for 60 min or GB (5 mM) for 24 h alone or together enhanced plant rooting in infected seedlings comparing with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine was the only treatment that significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity in green bean roots compared with control.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- GBe1
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitye1
- Direction
- significant incremente1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“GB was the only treatment that triggered a significant increment in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in roots of both infected and non-infected seedlings as compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C gave the maximum G-POD activity in infected green bean roots, 9042.5 U.mg-1 protein, above infected control.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- plant rootse2
- Treatment
- UV treatmente1
- Outcome
- maximum activity for G-PODe1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 9042.5 U.mg-1 proteine1
- Comparator
- infected controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“The maximum activity for G-POD was attained with UV treatment (9042.5 U.mg-1 protein) followed by GB+UV, GB and infected control with values of 7776.5, 7152.4 and 6508.8 U.mg-1 protein, respectively”
e2“guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were elevated by all treatments in infected plant roots in comparison with control”
Claim · model-written summary
GB+UV gave higher G-POD activity than infected control, 7776.5 U.mg-1 protein.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- GB+UVe1
- Outcome
- activity for G-PODe1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 7776.5e1
- Comparator
- infected controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“The maximum activity for G-POD was attained with UV treatment (9042.5 U.mg-1 protein) followed by GB+UV, GB and infected control with values of 7776.5, 7152.4 and 6508.8 U.mg-1 protein, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
GB gave higher G-POD activity than infected control, 7152.4 U.mg-1 protein.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- GBe1
- Outcome
- activity for G-PODe1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 7152.4e1
- Comparator
- infected controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“The maximum activity for G-POD was attained with UV treatment (9042.5 U.mg-1 protein) followed by GB+UV, GB and infected control with values of 7776.5, 7152.4 and 6508.8 U.mg-1 protein, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C raised polyphenol oxidase activity in infected green bean roots by 54% over infected control.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- plant rootse2
- Treatment
- UVe1
- Outcome
- PPOe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 54e1
- Comparator
- infected controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Similarly, PPO exhibited higher activities with significant differences in all treatments over the infected control with percentages of 54, 59.4 and 48.7% for UV, GB and UV+GB respectively”
e2“guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were elevated by all treatments in infected plant roots in comparison with control”
Claim · model-written summary
GB raised polyphenol oxidase activity in infected green bean roots by 59.4% over infected control.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- plant rootse2
- Treatment
- GBe1
- Outcome
- PPOe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 59.4e1
- Comparator
- infected controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Similarly, PPO exhibited higher activities with significant differences in all treatments over the infected control with percentages of 54, 59.4 and 48.7% for UV, GB and UV+GB respectively”
e2“guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were elevated by all treatments in infected plant roots in comparison with control”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C with GB raised polyphenol oxidase activity in infected green bean roots by 48.7% over infected control.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- plant rootse2
- Treatment
- UV+GBe1
- Outcome
- PPOe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 48.7e1
- Comparator
- infected controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Similarly, PPO exhibited higher activities with significant differences in all treatments over the infected control with percentages of 54, 59.4 and 48.7% for UV, GB and UV+GB respectively”
e2“guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were elevated by all treatments in infected plant roots in comparison with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined UV-C and GB treatments showed no synergistic effect on induced plant tolerance.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- combination of UV-C and GB treatmentse1
- Outcome
- synergetic effects in induction of plant tolerancee1
- Qualifier
- absence of synergetic effectse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancement of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by glycine betaine and UV-C radiation in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“The results of combination of UV-C and GB treatments indicated the absence of synergetic effects in induction of plant tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C and GB seed treatment is suggested to enhance seedling tolerance to R. solani through activation of antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- green beane1
- Treatment
- UV-C and GBe1
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- seedlings tolerance to R. solanie1
- Qualifier
- by activation of the antioxidant enzymese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“treatment of green bean seeds with UV-C and GB enhanced green bean seedlings tolerance to R. solani by activation of the antioxidant enzymes”
The same questions in other papers
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uv · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.