Abstract
Snap bean is a salt sensitive plant and suffers from losses in yield and pod quality with any little increase of salt concentration in irrigation water. In order to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA), spermidine (Spd), and glycine betaine (GB) as phytoprotectants on enhancing growth, yield and pod quality of snap bean under different levels of NaCl salinity, an outdoor pot experiment was conducted in 2012 and 2013 seasons. Salinity was applied as NaCl form at 0 and 2000 ppm. The concentrations of foliar treatments were two levels for each treatment; the first level was 0 mM which served as control, and the second level was 1 mM SA, 0.5 mM Spd and 5 mM GB, in addition to their combinations. NaCl salinity at 2000 ppm reduced most of vegetative growth parameters such as plant f.w., leaf area ratio and leaf area index, which in turn reflected on the reduction of pods no./plant and yield f.w./plant and an increase in the fruit abscission percentage. Pod moisture % decreased under 2000 ppm NaCl which reduced pod f.w., and increased pod curvature %. Under 2000 ppm NaCl, GB at 5 mM and all its combinations increased membrane stability index, total soluble sugars and total soluble proteins concentration, while reducing free amino acids concentration, which were concomitant with decreasing pod curvature %. Meanwhile, application of SA at 1 mM, GB at 5 mM, and GB5 + SA1 + Spd0.5 increased leaves and pods no./plant, pod moisture %, and pod f.w., which reflected on increasing green pod yield.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl salinity at 2000 ppm reduced most vegetative growth parameters of snap bean, such as plant fresh weight, leaf area ratio and leaf area index.
- Taxon
- snap beant0
- Treatment
- NaCl salinity at 2000 ppme1
- Outcome
- plant f.w., leaf area ratio and leaf area indexe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- most of vegetative growth parameterse1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e1“NaCl salinity at 2000 ppm reduced most of vegetative growth parameters such as plant f.w., leaf area ratio and leaf area index”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl salinity at 2000 ppm reduced the number of pods per plant and the fresh weight yield per plant of snap bean.
- Taxon
- snap beant0
- Treatment
- NaCl salinity at 2000 ppme0
- Outcome
- pods no./plant and yield f.w./plante1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e0“NaCl salinity at 2000 ppm”
e1“the reduction of pods no./plant and yield f.w./plant”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl salinity at 2000 ppm increased the fruit abscission percentage of snap bean.
- Taxon
- snap beant0
- Treatment
- NaCl salinity at 2000 ppme0
- Outcome
- fruit abscission percentagee1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e0“NaCl salinity at 2000 ppm”
e1“an increase in the fruit abscission percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod moisture percentage of snap bean decreased under 2000 ppm NaCl.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e1“Pod moisture % decreased under 2000 ppm NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod fresh weight of snap bean was reduced under 2000 ppm NaCl.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e1“2000 ppm NaCl which reduced pod f.w.”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl salinity at 2000 ppm increased pod curvature percentage of snap bean.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e0“NaCl salinity at 2000 ppm”
e1“increased pod curvature %”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 2000 ppm NaCl, glycine betaine at 5 mM increased membrane stability index and total soluble sugars and proteins concentration in snap bean.
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e0“Under 2000 ppm NaCl, GB at 5 mM”
e1“GB at 5 mM and all its combinations increased membrane stability index, total soluble sugars and total soluble proteins concentration”
e2“0 mM which served as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 2000 ppm NaCl, glycine betaine at 5 mM reduced free amino acids concentration in snap bean.
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e0“Under 2000 ppm NaCl, GB at 5 mM”
e1“reducing free amino acids concentration”
e2“0 mM which served as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 2000 ppm NaCl, glycine betaine at 5 mM was accompanied by decreased pod curvature percentage in snap bean.
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e0“Under 2000 ppm NaCl, GB at 5 mM”
e1“decreasing pod curvature %”
e2“0 mM which served as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of salicylic acid at 1 mM increased the number of leaves and pods per plant of snap bean (under NaCl salinity).
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e1“SA at 1 mM, GB at 5 mM, and GB5 + SA1 + Spd0.5 increased leaves and pods no./plant, pod moisture %, and pod f.w., which reflected on increasing green pod yield”
e2“0 mM which served as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of salicylic acid at 1 mM increased pod moisture percentage and pod fresh weight of snap bean (under NaCl salinity).
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e1“SA at 1 mM, GB at 5 mM, and GB5 + SA1 + Spd0.5 increased leaves and pods no./plant, pod moisture %, and pod f.w., which reflected on increasing green pod yield”
e2“0 mM which served as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of salicylic acid at 1 mM increased green pod yield of snap bean (under NaCl salinity).
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e1“SA at 1 mM, GB at 5 mM, and GB5 + SA1 + Spd0.5 increased leaves and pods no./plant, pod moisture %, and pod f.w., which reflected on increasing green pod yield”
e2“0 mM which served as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of glycine betaine at 5 mM increased the number of leaves and pods per plant of snap bean (under NaCl salinity).
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e1“SA at 1 mM, GB at 5 mM, and GB5 + SA1 + Spd0.5 increased leaves and pods no./plant, pod moisture %, and pod f.w., which reflected on increasing green pod yield”
e2“0 mM which served as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of glycine betaine at 5 mM increased pod moisture percentage and pod fresh weight of snap bean (under NaCl salinity).
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e1“SA at 1 mM, GB at 5 mM, and GB5 + SA1 + Spd0.5 increased leaves and pods no./plant, pod moisture %, and pod f.w., which reflected on increasing green pod yield”
e2“0 mM which served as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of glycine betaine at 5 mM increased green pod yield of snap bean (under NaCl salinity).
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e1“SA at 1 mM, GB at 5 mM, and GB5 + SA1 + Spd0.5 increased leaves and pods no./plant, pod moisture %, and pod f.w., which reflected on increasing green pod yield”
e2“0 mM which served as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of the combination of glycine betaine 5 mM, salicylic acid 1 mM and spermidine 0.5 mM increased the number of leaves and pods per plant of snap bean (under NaCl salinity).
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e1“SA at 1 mM, GB at 5 mM, and GB5 + SA1 + Spd0.5 increased leaves and pods no./plant, pod moisture %, and pod f.w., which reflected on increasing green pod yield”
e2“0 mM which served as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of the combination of glycine betaine 5 mM, salicylic acid 1 mM and spermidine 0.5 mM increased pod moisture percentage and pod fresh weight of snap bean (under NaCl salinity).
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e1“SA at 1 mM, GB at 5 mM, and GB5 + SA1 + Spd0.5 increased leaves and pods no./plant, pod moisture %, and pod f.w., which reflected on increasing green pod yield”
e2“0 mM which served as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of the combination of glycine betaine 5 mM, salicylic acid 1 mM and spermidine 0.5 mM increased green pod yield of snap bean (under NaCl salinity).
Verbatim
t0“snap bean”
e1“SA at 1 mM, GB at 5 mM, and GB5 + SA1 + Spd0.5 increased leaves and pods no./plant, pod moisture %, and pod f.w., which reflected on increasing green pod yield”
e2“0 mM which served as control”
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