Abstract
Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient in irrigated rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production, and growers continue to be faced with the challenge of meeting crop N demand, particularly in organic production systems. The main objective of this study was to determine how rice yield was affected by seasonal availability of N from organic sources under continuously and noncontinuously flooded conditions. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the commonly used poultry litter, pelletized organic fertilizers (blood, meat, and feather meal 13–0–0, feather meal 12–0–0, poultry litter plus feather meal 6–3–2), and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , in synchronizing the supply of mineralized N with the demand of N by rice. The N mineralization of all organic fertilizers occurred primarily during the first 53 d after planting, results which were confirmed subsequently in a laboratory incubation study. In all fields, fertilizers increased grain yield and N uptake relative to a zero N control. Relative to poultry litter, the pelletized fertilizers resulted in higher yields (9980 vs. 9267 kg ha −1 ), N uptake (140 vs. 114 kg ha −1 ), and N recovery efficiency (35 vs. 20%) in all fields. It was concluded that pelletized fertilizers were significantly more effective than poultry litter in supplying N to the crop when fields were continuously flooded. In contrast all organic fertilizers were less effective in supplying N when fields were drained for weed control due to lower N recovery efficiency (26%) and N loss through denitrification, indicating that organic fertilizer application may not be economically viable under such circumstances.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers mineralized most nitrogen in the first 53 days after planting.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Outcome
- N mineralization of all organic fertilizerse0
- Value
- 53 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N mineralization of all organic fertilizers occurred primarily during the first 53 d after planting”
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizers increased rice grain yield versus zero N.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- zero N controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all fields, fertilizers increased grain yield and N uptake relative to a zero N control”
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizers increased rice N uptake versus zero N.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- zero N controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all fields, fertilizers increased grain yield and N uptake relative to a zero N control”
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Pelletized fertilizers gave higher yield, 9980 versus 9267 kg ha −1, than poultry litter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- pelletized fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9980 vs. 9267 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- poultry littere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to poultry litter, the pelletized fertilizers resulted in higher yields (9980 vs. 9267 kg ha −1 )”
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Pelletized fertilizers gave higher N uptake, 140 versus 114 kg ha −1, than poultry litter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- pelletized fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 140 vs. 114 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- poultry littere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to poultry litter, the pelletized fertilizers resulted in higher yields (9980 vs. 9267 kg ha −1 ), N uptake (140 vs. 114 kg ha −1 )”
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Pelletized fertilizers gave higher N recovery efficiency, 35 versus 20%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- pelletized fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- N recovery efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 35 vs. 20%e0
- Comparator
- poultry littere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to poultry litter, the pelletized fertilizers resulted in higher yields (9980 vs. 9267 kg ha −1 ), N uptake (140 vs. 114 kg ha −1 ), and N recovery efficiency (35 vs. 20%)”
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Pelletized fertilizers were significantly more effective than poultry litter for N supply under continuous flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- pelletized fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- supplying N to the crope0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Qualifier
- fields were continuously floodede0
- Comparator
- poultry littere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pelletized fertilizers were significantly more effective than poultry litter in supplying N to the crop when fields were continuously flooded”
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Drained fields had lower organic fertilizer N supply effectiveness and 26% N recovery efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- fields were drained for weed controle0
- Outcome
- N recovery efficiencye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 26%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all organic fertilizers were less effective in supplying N when fields were drained for weed control due to lower N recovery efficiency (26%) and N loss through denitrification”
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Drainage for weed control caused N loss through denitrification.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Outcome
- N loss through denitrificatione0
- Setting
- fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N loss through denitrification”
e1“fields were drained for weed control”
e2“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude organic fertilizer may not be economically viable when fields are drained for weed control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Outcome
- organic fertilizer application may not be economically viablee0
- Qualifier
- fields were drained for weed controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic fertilizer application may not be economically viable under such circumstances”
e1“fields were drained for weed control”
e2“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · nutrient: efficiency · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
fertilization · nutrient: efficiency · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
201 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
216 papers more in this group
See all 220 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
931 papers in the same direction as this paper · 56 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
989 papers more in this group
See all 993 papers →fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3,182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
3,451 papers more in this group
See all 3,455 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.