Abstract
Plants of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Atlas-66 were grown in nutrient solutions containing 0–50 μM Cu as CuSO 4 or 0–800 μM Cu as Cu-EDTA to compare the toxic effects of ionic and chelated Cu when yield reductions were similar in magnitude. Plants exposed to 50 μM CuSO 4 accumulated 43 ± 6 μg g −1 Cu in leaf tissues and 2300 ± 130 μg g −1 in root tissues. Plants injured by CuSO 4 showed acute signs of Cu toxicity; leaves showed mild necrosis and symptoms of induced Fe deficiency and root growth and lateral root initiation were inhibited. Concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Mg in leaves of plants injured by CuSO 4 were low, possibly leading to nutrient deficiencies. Concentrations of Ca in leaves were also low, but were above levels considered to be deficient. Plants exposed to 800 μM Cu-EDTA accumulated 260 ± 7 μg g −1 Cu in leaf tissues and 6600 ± 1200 μg g −1 Cu in root tissues. Despite higher tissue concentrations of Cu, plants injured by Cu-EDTA showed systemic toxicity symptoms, possibly reflecting induced Fe deficiency as the primary toxic effect. Leaves of plants injured by Cu-EDTA showed mild necrosis and symptoms of induced Fe deficiency, root growth was depressed (but to a lesser extent than with CuSO 4 ), and lateral root initiation was unaffected. Concentrations of Fe in leaves of plants injured by Cu-EDTA were lower than plants grown with micronutrient levels of Cu, while concentrations of Mn, Ca, and Mg in leaves of Cu-EDTA injured plants were higher. Differential toxicity of CuSO 4 and Cu-EDTA could occur if Cu-EDTA were absorbed across the plasma membrane as an intact complex or if the primary toxic effect of CuSO 4 and Cu-EDTA were on membrane structure and (or) function.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 μM CuSO 4, wheat leaves accumulated 43 ± 6 μg g −1 Cu.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- leaf tissuese0
- Treatment
- 50 μM CuSO 4e0
- Outcome
- Cu in leaf tissuese0
- Value
- 43 ± 6 μg g −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to 50 μM CuSO 4 accumulated 43 ± 6 μg g −1 Cu in leaf tissues and 2300 ± 130 μg g −1 in root tissues.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 μM CuSO 4, wheat roots accumulated 2300 ± 130 μg g −1 Cu.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- root tissuese0
- Treatment
- 50 μM CuSO 4e0
- Outcome
- root tissuese0
- Value
- 2300 ± 130 μg g −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to 50 μM CuSO 4 accumulated 43 ± 6 μg g −1 Cu in leaf tissues and 2300 ± 130 μg g −1 in root tissues.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
CuSO 4 injured wheat showed leaf necrosis and induced Fe deficiency symptoms.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CuSO 4e0
- Outcome
- mild necrosis and symptoms of induced Fe deficiencye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants injured by CuSO 4 showed acute signs of Cu toxicity; leaves showed mild necrosis and symptoms of induced Fe deficiency and root growth and lateral root initiation were inhibited.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
CuSO 4 inhibited wheat root growth and lateral root initiation.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CuSO 4e1
- Outcome
- root growth and lateral root initiatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root growth and lateral root initiation were inhibited.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e1“Plants injured by CuSO 4 showed acute signs of Cu toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
CuSO 4 injured wheat had low leaf Fe, Mn, and Mg concentrations, possibly causing deficiencies.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CuSO 4e0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Mg in leavese0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Qualifier
- possibly leading to nutrient deficienciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Mg in leaves of plants injured by CuSO 4 were low, possibly leading to nutrient deficiencies.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
CuSO 4 injured wheat had low leaf Ca, yet above deficiency levels.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of Ca in leavese0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Qualifier
- above levels considered to be deficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of Ca in leaves were also low, but were above levels considered to be deficient.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
At 800 μM Cu-EDTA, wheat leaves accumulated 260 ± 7 μg g −1 Cu.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuese0
- Treatment
- 800 μM Cu-EDTAe0
- Outcome
- Cu in leaf tissuese0
- Value
- 260 ± 7 μg g −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to 800 μM Cu-EDTA accumulated 260 ± 7 μg g −1 Cu in leaf tissues and 6600 ± 1200 μg g −1 Cu in root tissues.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
At 800 μM Cu-EDTA, wheat roots accumulated 6600 ± 1200 μg g −1 Cu.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- root tissuese0
- Treatment
- 800 μM Cu-EDTAe0
- Outcome
- Cu in root tissuese0
- Value
- 6600 ± 1200 μg g −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to 800 μM Cu-EDTA accumulated 260 ± 7 μg g −1 Cu in leaf tissues and 6600 ± 1200 μg g −1 Cu in root tissues.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Despite higher Cu tissue concentrations, Cu-EDTA injured wheat showed systemic toxicity, possibly due to Fe deficiency.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu-EDTAe0
- Outcome
- systemic toxicity symptomse0
- Qualifier
- possibly reflecting induced Fe deficiency as the primary toxic effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite higher tissue concentrations of Cu, plants injured by Cu-EDTA showed systemic toxicity symptoms, possibly reflecting induced Fe deficiency as the primary toxic effect.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu-EDTA injured wheat leaves showed necrosis and Fe deficiency symptoms.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu-EDTAe0
- Outcome
- mild necrosis and symptoms of induced Fe deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaves of plants injured by Cu-EDTA showed mild necrosis and symptoms of induced Fe deficiency, root growth was depressed (but to a lesser extent than with CuSO 4 ), and lateral root initiation was unaffected.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu-EDTA depressed wheat root growth less than CuSO 4.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu-EDTAe1
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- depressede0
- Comparator
- CuSO 4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root growth was depressed (but to a lesser extent than with CuSO 4 )”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e1“Leaves of plants injured by Cu-EDTA showed mild necrosis and symptoms of induced Fe deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu-EDTA left wheat lateral root initiation unaffected.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu-EDTAe1
- Outcome
- lateral root initiatione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lateral root initiation was unaffected.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
e1“Leaves of plants injured by Cu-EDTA showed mild necrosis and symptoms of induced Fe deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu-EDTA injured wheat had lower leaf Fe than wheat grown with micronutrient Cu.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu-EDTAe0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of Fe in leavese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- plants grown with micronutrient levels of Cue0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of Fe in leaves of plants injured by Cu-EDTA were lower than plants grown with micronutrient levels of Cu”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu-EDTA injured wheat had higher leaf Mn, Ca, and Mg.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu-EDTAe0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Mn, Ca, and Mg in leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentrations of Mn, Ca, and Mg in leaves of Cu-EDTA injured plants were higher.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.