Abstract
Abstract Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (PGPR) represents a wide variety of soil bacteria that, when grown in association with a host plant, result in stimulation of growth of their host. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of inoculation with a PGPR, Pseudomonas fluorescence, alone or in combination with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.), on antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX)), phosphatase activity, solutes accumulation, growth and minerals nutrient uptake in shoots of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) affected by three levels of salt stress. Salinity decreased bean growth, regardless of the biological treatment and the salt stress level. The plants inoculated with P. fluorescence had significantly greater shoot biomass than the control plants at all salinity levels, whereas the mycorrhizal inoculation treatments were only effective in increasing shoot biomass at a low salinity level. The plants inoculated with P. fluorescence presented higher concentrations of shoots’ K + and lower concentrations of shoots’ Na + under high salt conditions. Salt stress increased shoots’ proline concentration, particularly in plants inoculated with the PGPR. Increasing salinity stress raised significantly the antioxidant enzyme activities, including those of total POX and CAT, of bean shoots compared with their corresponding nonstressed plants. The PGPR strain induced a higher increase in these antioxidant enzymes in response to severe salinity. Inoculation with selected PGPR could serve as a useful tool for alleviating salinity stress in salt-sensitive plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased bean growth across biological treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased bean growth, regardless of the biological treatment and the salt stress level.”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescence inoculation increased shoot biomass at all salinity levels.
Verbatim
e0“The plants inoculated with P. fluorescence had significantly greater shoot biomass than the control plants at all salinity levels”
t0“bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation increased shoot biomass only at low salinity.
- Taxon
- beant0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculation treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaet1symbiont - Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- at a low salinity levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mycorrhizal inoculation treatments were only effective in increasing shoot biomass at a low salinity level”
t0“bean”
t1“Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescence inoculation raised shoot potassium under high salt.
- Taxon
- beant0
- Treatment
- inoculated with P. fluorescencee0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescencee0symbiont
- Outcome
- concentrations of shoots’ K +e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The plants inoculated with P. fluorescence presented higher concentrations of shoots’ K + and lower concentrations of shoots’ Na + under high salt conditions.”
t0“bean”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescence inoculation lowered shoot sodium under high salt.
- Taxon
- beant0
- Treatment
- inoculated with P. fluorescencee0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescencee0symbiont
- Outcome
- concentrations of shoots’ Na +e0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The plants inoculated with P. fluorescence presented higher concentrations of shoots’ K + and lower concentrations of shoots’ Na + under high salt conditions.”
t0“bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased shoot proline, especially with PGPR.
- Taxon
- beant0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- shoots’ proline concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- particularly in plants inoculated with the PGPRe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress increased shoots’ proline concentration, particularly in plants inoculated with the PGPR.”
t0“bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity raised shoot POX and CAT activities.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity stress raised significantly the antioxidant enzyme activities, including those of total POX and CAT, of bean shoots compared with their corresponding nonstressed plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR induced a greater rise in antioxidant enzymes under severe salinity.
- Taxon
- beant0
- Treatment
- PGPR straine0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- higher increasee0
- Qualifier
- severe salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The PGPR strain induced a higher increase in these antioxidant enzymes in response to severe salinity.”
t0“bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected PGPR inoculation could alleviate salinity stress in salt-sensitive plants.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with selected PGPR could serve as a useful tool for alleviating salinity stress in salt-sensitive plants.”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
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inoculation · Funneliformis mosseae · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
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inoculation · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.