Abstract
During the transition from darkness to light, the rate of hypocotyl elongation is determined from the integration of light signals sensed through the phototropin, cryptochrome, and phytochrome signaling pathways. In all light conditions studied, from UV to far-red, early hypocotyl growth is rapidly and robustly suppressed within minutes of illumination in a manner dependent upon light quality and quantity. In this study, it is shown that green light (GL) irradiation leads to a rapid increase in the growth rate of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. GL-mediated growth promotion was detected in response to constant irradiation or a short, single pulse of light with a similar time course. The response has a threshold between 10(-1) and 10(0) micromol m(-2), is saturated before 10(2) micromol m(-2) and obeys reciprocity. Genetic analyses indicate that the cryptochrome or phototropin photoreceptors do not participate in the response. The major phytochrome receptors influence the normal amplitude and timing of the GL response, yet the GL response is normal in seedlings grown for hours under constant dim-red light. Therefore, phytochrome activation enhances, but is not required for, the GL response. Seedlings grown under green, red, and blue light together are longer than those grown under red and blue alone. These data indicate that a novel GL-activated light sensor promotes early stem elongation that antagonizes growth inhibition.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Green light rapidly increased growth rate in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis seedlingse0
- Treatment
- green light (GL) irradiatione0
- Outcome
- growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“green light (GL) irradiation leads to a rapid increase in the growth rate of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Constant green irradiation and a single pulse promoted growth with a similar time course.
- Outcome
- growth promotione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“Stem Elongation”
e0“GL-mediated growth promotion was detected in response to constant irradiation or a short, single pulse of light with a similar time course.”
Claim · model-written summary
The green-light response threshold was between 10(-1) and 10(0) micromol m(-2).
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The response has a threshold between 10(-1) and 10(0) micromol m(-2), is saturated before 10(2) micromol m(-2) and obeys reciprocity.”
Claim · model-written summary
The green-light response saturated before 10(2) micromol m(-2).
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“is saturated before 10(2) micromol m(-2) and obeys reciprocity.”
Claim · model-written summary
The green-light response obeyed reciprocity.
- Outcome
- reciprocitye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“obeys reciprocity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cryptochrome and phototropin did not participate in the response.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“cryptochrome or phototropin photoreceptors do not participate in the response.”
Claim · model-written summary
Major phytochrome receptors influenced green-light response amplitude and timing.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“The major phytochrome receptors influence the normal amplitude and timing of the GL response”
Claim · model-written summary
The green-light response remained normal after hours of constant dim-red light.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the GL response is normal in seedlings grown for hours under constant dim-red light.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytochrome activation enhanced but was not required for the green-light response.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“phytochrome activation enhances, but is not required for, the GL response.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings under green, red and blue light together were longer than under red and blue alone.
- Treatment
- green, red, and blue light togethere0
- Outcome
- Seedlingse0
- Direction
- longere0
- Comparator
- red and blue alonee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings grown under green, red, and blue light together are longer than those grown under red and blue alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer a novel green-light sensor promotes early stem elongation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“a novel GL-activated light sensor promotes early stem elongation that antagonizes growth inhibition.”
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