Abstract
for 28 d) increased disease incidence significantly, but mycorrhizal infection completely prevented this negative effect. The presence of the pathogen on the root systems was necessary for the induction of changes in the soluble and wall-bound secondary compounds of roots and needles; ozone alone did not induce such changes. Mycorrhizal infection appeared to have a dampening effect on the induction of these compounds. H. annosum induced a significant accumulation of the two pine stilbenes both locally and systemically in the more susceptible seedlings. In these seedlings ozone had a significant positive effect on the accumulation of both stilbenes in the roots, but it reduced pinosylvin and had no effect on pinosylvin 3-methyl ether in the needles. The catechin content of the roots decreased in the same infected seedlings, but to a larger degree upon ozone treatment. One compound of as yet unknown structure accumulated gradually in the infected roots over the experimental period, and could thus be associated with resistance. Its accumulation was little affected by ozone treatment. Among the root cell wall-bound phenolics analyzed, only lignin-like material showed significant changes. The presence of the pathogen was again necessary for induction, but ozone had an inhibitory effect on this response. Pure pinosylvin applied through the hypocotyls of excised seedlings was shown to be phytotoxic, with the needles displaying discoloration and wilting as observed after pathogenic inoculation, and being characterized by a lower chlorophyll content and increased transpiration. Accumulation of pinosylvin in the needles was detected at amounts comparable to those found in the main experiment.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
The reported exposure increased disease incidence significantly.
- Taxon
- Scots pine
Pinus sylvestrist0 - Treatment
- Ozonet1
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for 28 d) increased disease incidence significantly, but mycorrhizal infection completely prevented this negative effect.”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
t1“Ozone effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal infection prevented the increase in disease incidence.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal infectione0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- disease incidencee1
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal infection completely prevented this negative effect.”
e1“for 28 d) increased disease incidence significantly, but mycorrhizal infection completely prevented this negative effect.”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen presence was required for changes in soluble and wall-bound secondary compounds of roots and needles.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Organ / stage
- roots and needlese0
- Outcome
- changes in the soluble and wall-bound secondary compounds of roots and needlese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of the pathogen on the root systems was necessary for the induction of changes in the soluble and wall-bound secondary compounds of roots and needles”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone alone did not induce those secondary-compound changes.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- ozone alonee0
- Outcome
- changes in the soluble and wall-bound secondary compounds of roots and needlese1
- Direction
- did not inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ozone alone did not induce such changes”
e1“changes in the soluble and wall-bound secondary compounds of roots and needles”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal infection appeared to dampen secondary-compound induction.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal infectione0
- Interactor
- Mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- induction of these compoundse0
- Direction
- dampening effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal infection appeared to have a dampening effect on the induction of these compounds.”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
H. annosum significantly accumulated both pine stilbenes locally and systemically in more susceptible seedlings.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Interactor
- H. annosume0pathogen
- Outcome
- accumulation of the two pine stilbenese0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- more susceptible seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H. annosum induced a significant accumulation of the two pine stilbenes both locally and systemically in the more susceptible seedlings.”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone significantly increased both stilbenes in roots of susceptible seedlings.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- ozonee0
- Outcome
- accumulation of both stilbenese0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ozone had a significant positive effect on the accumulation of both stilbenes in the roots”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced needle pinosylvin.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Organ / stage
- needlese0
- Treatment
- ozonee1
- Outcome
- pinosylvine0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it reduced pinosylvin and had no effect on pinosylvin 3-methyl ether in the needles”
e1“ozone had a significant positive effect on the accumulation of both stilbenes in the roots”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone had no effect on needle pinosylvin 3-methyl ether.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Organ / stage
- needlese0
- Treatment
- ozonee1
- Outcome
- pinosylvin 3-methyl ethere0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had no effect on pinosylvin 3-methyl ether in the needles”
e1“ozone had a significant positive effect on the accumulation of both stilbenes in the roots”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root catechin content decreased in infected seedlings, more so with ozone.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Outcome
- catechin content of the rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- larger degree upon ozone treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The catechin content of the roots decreased in the same infected seedlings, but to a larger degree upon ozone treatment.”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
An unidentified compound accumulated gradually in infected roots.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Organ / stage
- infected rootse0
- Outcome
- One compound of as yet unknown structuree0
- Direction
- accumulated graduallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One compound of as yet unknown structure accumulated gradually in the infected roots over the experimental period”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors associated the unidentified compound with resistance.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Compound
- One compound of as yet unknown structuree1
- Outcome
- resistancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“could thus be associated with resistance”
e1“One compound of as yet unknown structure accumulated gradually in the infected roots over the experimental period”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone had little effect on accumulation of the unidentified compound.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- ozone treatmente0
- Outcome
- accumulatione0
- Direction
- little affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Its accumulation was little affected by ozone treatment.”
e1“One compound of as yet unknown structure accumulated gradually in the infected roots over the experimental period”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Only lignin-like material among tested cell-wall phenolics changed significantly.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- lignin-like materiale0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the root cell wall-bound phenolics analyzed, only lignin-like material showed significant changes.”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen presence was required to induce the lignin-like response.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Outcome
- inductione0
- Qualifier
- lignin-like materiale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of the pathogen was again necessary for induction”
e1“only lignin-like material showed significant changes”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone inhibited the pathogen-induced lignin-like response.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- ozonee0
- Outcome
- lignin-like materiale1
- Direction
- inhibitory effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ozone had an inhibitory effect on this response”
e1“only lignin-like material showed significant changes”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied pinosylvin was phytotoxic, causing needle discoloration and wilting.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- Pure pinosylvin applied through the hypocotylse0
- Outcome
- needles displaying discoloration and wiltinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pure pinosylvin applied through the hypocotyls of excised seedlings was shown to be phytotoxic, with the needles displaying discoloration and wilting”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied pinosylvin lowered chlorophyll content in excised seedlings.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- Pure pinosylvin applied through the hypocotylse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pure pinosylvin applied through the hypocotyls of excised seedlings was shown to be phytotoxic, with the needles displaying discoloration and wilting as observed after pathogenic inoculation, and being characterized by a lower chlorophyll content and increased transpiration.”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied pinosylvin increased transpiration in excised seedlings.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- Pure pinosylvin applied through the hypocotylse0
- Outcome
- transpiratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pure pinosylvin applied through the hypocotyls of excised seedlings was shown to be phytotoxic, with the needles displaying discoloration and wilting as observed after pathogenic inoculation, and being characterized by a lower chlorophyll content and increased transpiration.”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Needle pinosylvin accumulated to levels comparable to the main experiment.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Outcome
- Accumulation of pinosylvin in the needlese0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- main experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Accumulation of pinosylvin in the needles was detected at amounts comparable to those found in the main experiment.”
t0“Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · molecular: metabolites · Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →infection · disease · Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
mycorrhiza · disease · Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
ozone · disease · Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.