Abstract
To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat at different day/night temperatures, biologically effective UV-B radiation at 4.2 (LUVB) and 10.3 (HUVB) kJ m–2 d–1 was provided on the seedlings at 25/20°C or 10/5°C. UV-B radiation inhibited net photosynthesis rate (Pn) by enhanced intensity and decreased temperature without change of intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci). Decreased maximal quantum yield of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and increased minimum fluorescence (Fo) were observed in HUVB at both temperatures and LUVB at 10/5°C. HUVB increased total pool size (VAZ) of xanthophyll cycle pigments, but decreased the de-epoxidation state (DEPS) of these pigments at both temperatures, while LUVB only decreased DEPS at 10/5°C. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the redox states of ascorbate and glutathione (AsA/DAsA and GSH/GSSG) were enhanced at 25/20°C, while there were increased SOD and CAT, unaltered APX activities and AsA/DHA, as well as decreased GR activity and GSH/GSSG in LUVB and HUVB at 10/5°C. UV-B radiation resulted in higher H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations at 10/5°C than 25/20°C. It appears that low temperature alone did not influence photosynthesis but aggravated UV-B induced photoinhibition, which was associated with PSII photochemistry rather than stomatal limitation. Xanthophyll cycle pigments failed to provide photoprotection through thermal dissipation. The antioxidant system was up-regulated in LUVB and HUVB at 25/20°C, but was impaired at 10/5°C. Low temperature intensified UV-B induced photoinhibition and damage by weakening the antioxidant system.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B radiation inhibited net photosynthesis rate in winter wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse2
- Treatment
- UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis rate (Pn)e1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- by enhanced intensity and decreased temperaturee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e1“UV-B radiation inhibited net photosynthesis rate (Pn) by enhanced intensity and decreased temperature without change of intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci)”
e2“provided on the seedlings at 25/20°C or 10/5°C”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B radiation did not change intercellular CO2 concentrations in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci)e1
- Direction
- without changee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e1“UV-B radiation inhibited net photosynthesis rate (Pn) by enhanced intensity and decreased temperature without change of intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci)”
Claim · model-written summary
HUVB decreased the maximal quantum yield of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- HUVBe2
- Outcome
- maximal quantum yield of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm)e2
- Direction
- Decreasede2
- Qualifier
- at both temperaturese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e2“Decreased maximal quantum yield of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and increased minimum fluorescence (Fo) were observed in HUVB at both temperatures and LUVB at 10/5°C”
Claim · model-written summary
LUVB decreased the maximal quantum yield of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) at 10/5°C.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- LUVBe2
- Outcome
- maximal quantum yield of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm)e2
- Direction
- Decreasede2
- Qualifier
- at 10/5°Ce2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e2“Decreased maximal quantum yield of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and increased minimum fluorescence (Fo) were observed in HUVB at both temperatures and LUVB at 10/5°C”
Claim · model-written summary
HUVB increased minimum fluorescence (Fo) at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- HUVBe2
- Outcome
- minimum fluorescence (Fo)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- at both temperaturese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e2“Decreased maximal quantum yield of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and increased minimum fluorescence (Fo) were observed in HUVB at both temperatures and LUVB at 10/5°C”
Claim · model-written summary
LUVB increased minimum fluorescence (Fo) at 10/5°C.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- LUVBe2
- Outcome
- minimum fluorescence (Fo)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- at 10/5°Ce2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e2“Decreased maximal quantum yield of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and increased minimum fluorescence (Fo) were observed in HUVB at both temperatures and LUVB at 10/5°C”
Claim · model-written summary
HUVB increased the total pool size (VAZ) of xanthophyll cycle pigments.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- HUVBe3
- Outcome
- total pool size (VAZ) of xanthophyll cycle pigmentse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e3“HUVB increased total pool size (VAZ) of xanthophyll cycle pigments, but decreased the de-epoxidation state (DEPS) of these pigments at both temperatures, while LUVB only decreased DEPS at 10/5°C”
Claim · model-written summary
HUVB decreased the de-epoxidation state (DEPS) of xanthophyll cycle pigments at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- HUVBe3
- Outcome
- de-epoxidation state (DEPS)e3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- at both temperaturese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e3“HUVB increased total pool size (VAZ) of xanthophyll cycle pigments, but decreased the de-epoxidation state (DEPS) of these pigments at both temperatures, while LUVB only decreased DEPS at 10/5°C”
Claim · model-written summary
LUVB decreased the de-epoxidation state (DEPS) of xanthophyll cycle pigments at 10/5°C only.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- LUVBe3
- Outcome
- de-epoxidation state (DEPS)e3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- at 10/5°Ce3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e3“HUVB increased total pool size (VAZ) of xanthophyll cycle pigments, but decreased the de-epoxidation state (DEPS) of these pigments at both temperatures, while LUVB only decreased DEPS at 10/5°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were enhanced at 25/20°C.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Qualifier
- at 25/20°Ce4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e4“The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the redox states of ascorbate and glutathione (AsA/DAsA and GSH/GSSG) were enhanced at 25/20°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione reductase activity and ascorbate and glutathione redox states were enhanced at 25/20°C.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase (GR)e4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Qualifier
- redox states of ascorbate and glutathione (AsA/DAsA and GSH/GSSG)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e4“The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the redox states of ascorbate and glutathione (AsA/DAsA and GSH/GSSG) were enhanced at 25/20°C”
Claim · model-written summary
LUVB and HUVB increased SOD and CAT at 10/5°C.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- LUVB and HUVBe5
- Outcome
- SOD and CATe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- at 10/5°Ce5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e5“there were increased SOD and CAT, unaltered APX activities and AsA/DHA, as well as decreased GR activity and GSH/GSSG in LUVB and HUVB at 10/5°C”
Claim · model-written summary
LUVB and HUVB left APX activity and AsA/DHA unaltered at 10/5°C.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- LUVB and HUVBe5
- Outcome
- APX activities and AsA/DHAe5
- Direction
- unalterede5
- Qualifier
- at 10/5°Ce5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e5“there were increased SOD and CAT, unaltered APX activities and AsA/DHA, as well as decreased GR activity and GSH/GSSG in LUVB and HUVB at 10/5°C”
Claim · model-written summary
LUVB and HUVB decreased GR activity and GSH/GSSG at 10/5°C.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- LUVB and HUVBe5
- Outcome
- GR activity and GSH/GSSGe5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Qualifier
- at 10/5°Ce5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e5“there were increased SOD and CAT, unaltered APX activities and AsA/DHA, as well as decreased GR activity and GSH/GSSG in LUVB and HUVB at 10/5°C”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B radiation resulted in higher H2O2 and TBARS concentrations at 10/5°C than at 25/20°C.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- UV-B radiatione6
- Outcome
- H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrationse6
- Direction
- highere6
- Qualifier
- at 10/5°Ce6
- Comparator
- 25/20°Ce6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e6“UV-B radiation resulted in higher H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations at 10/5°C than 25/20°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature alone did not influence photosynthesis in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- low temperature alonee7
- Outcome
- photosynthesise7
- Direction
- did not influencee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e7“It appears that low temperature alone did not influence photosynthesis but aggravated UV-B induced photoinhibition, which was associated with PSII photochemistry rather than stomatal limitation”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature aggravated UV-B induced photoinhibition in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- low temperaturee7
- Outcome
- UV-B induced photoinhibitione7
- Direction
- aggravatede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e7“It appears that low temperature alone did not influence photosynthesis but aggravated UV-B induced photoinhibition, which was associated with PSII photochemistry rather than stomatal limitation”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B induced photoinhibition was associated with PSII photochemistry rather than stomatal limitation.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- photoinhibitione7
- Qualifier
- PSII photochemistrye7
- Comparator
- stomatal limitatione7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e7“It appears that low temperature alone did not influence photosynthesis but aggravated UV-B induced photoinhibition, which was associated with PSII photochemistry rather than stomatal limitation”
Claim · model-written summary
Xanthophyll cycle pigments failed to provide photoprotection through thermal dissipation in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- photoprotectione1
- Direction
- failed to providee1
- Qualifier
- through thermal dissipatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e1“Xanthophyll cycle pigments failed to provide photoprotection through thermal dissipation”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature intensified UV-B induced photoinhibition and damage by weakening the antioxidant system in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Low temperaturee1
- Outcome
- UV-B induced photoinhibition and damagee1
- Qualifier
- by weakening the antioxidant systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat”
e1“Low temperature intensified UV-B induced photoinhibition and damage by weakening the antioxidant system”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.