Abstract
The differentiation of stomata provides a convenient model for studying pattern formation in plant tissues. Stomata formation is induced by a set of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and inhibited by a signal transduction pathway initiated by TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) and ERECTA family (ERf) receptors. The formation of a proper stomata pattern is also dependent upon the restriction of symplastic movement of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors into neighboring cells, especially in the backgrounds where the function of the TMM/ERf signaling pathway is compromised. Here, we describe a novel mutant of KOBITO1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The kob1-3 mutation leads to the formation of stomata clusters in the erl1 erl2 background but not in the wild type. Cell-to-cell mobility assays demonstrated an increase in intercellular protein trafficking in kob1-3, including increased diffusion of SPEECHLESS, suggesting that the formation of stomata clusters is due to an escape of cell fate-specifying factors from stomatal lineage cells. While plasmodesmatal permeability is increased in kob1-3, we did not detect drastic changes in callose accumulation at the neck regions of the plasmodesmata. Previously, KOBITO1 has been proposed to function in cellulose biosynthesis. Our data demonstrate that disruption of cellulose biosynthesis in the erl1 erl2 background does not lead to the formation of stomata clusters, indicating that cellulose biosynthesis is not a major determining factor for regulating plasmodesmatal permeability. Analysis of KOBITO1 structure suggests that it is a glycosyltransferase-like protein. KOBITO1 might be involved in a carbohydrate metabolic pathway that is essential for both cellulose biosynthesis and the regulation of plasmodesmatal permeability.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
kob1-3 caused stomatal clusters in erl1 erl2 but not wild-type plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- kob1-3 mutatione0
- Gene
- kob1-3e0
- Outcome
- stomata clusterse0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The kob1-3 mutation leads to the formation of stomata clusters in the erl1 erl2 background but not in the wild type”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercellular protein trafficking increased in kob1-3.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- kob1-3e0
- Outcome
- intercellular protein traffickinge0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cell-to-cell mobility assays demonstrated an increase in intercellular protein trafficking in kob1-3”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
SPEECHLESS diffusion increased in kob1-3.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SPEECHLESSe0
- Outcome
- diffusion of SPEECHLESSe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“including increased diffusion of SPEECHLESS”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggested that escape of cell fate factors caused stomatal clusters.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- formation of stomata clusterse0
- Qualifier
- escape of cell fate-specifying factors from stomatal lineage cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that the formation of stomata clusters is due to an escape of cell fate-specifying factors from stomatal lineage cells”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plasmodesmatal permeability increased in kob1-3.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- kob1-3e0
- Outcome
- plasmodesmatal permeabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plasmodesmatal permeability is increased in kob1-3”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Callose accumulation at plasmodesmatal necks showed no drastic change.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- callose accumulation at the neck regions of the plasmodesmatae0
- Direction
- did not detect drastic changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we did not detect drastic changes in callose accumulation at the neck regions of the plasmodesmata”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Disrupting cellulose biosynthesis in erl1 erl2 did not produce stomatal clusters.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- disruption of cellulose biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- formation of stomata clusterse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disruption of cellulose biosynthesis in the erl1 erl2 background does not lead to the formation of stomata clusters”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
KOBITO1 structural analysis suggests a glycosyltransferase-like protein.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- KOBITO1e0
- Outcome
- glycosyltransferase-like proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of KOBITO1 structure suggests that it is a glycosyltransferase-like protein”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
KOBITO1 may participate in a carbohydrate pathway needed for cellulose synthesis and permeability regulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- KOBITO1e0
- Outcome
- regulation of plasmodesmatal permeabilitye0
- Qualifier
- carbohydrate metabolic pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KOBITO1 might be involved in a carbohydrate metabolic pathway that is essential for both cellulose biosynthesis and the regulation of plasmodesmatal permeability”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
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